With this comprehensive program in Ultrasound in Small Animals that has been carefully designed by experts, become one of the professionals who are currently in great demand”

Ultrasound scanning is a universal, non-invasive, real-time technique that provides very accurate diagnostic information. Ultrasound examinations are gaining great importance in everyday practice, and it is increasingly common among veterinary medicine professionals to include them in their diagnostic protocols. 

The applications of ultrasound scanning are very broad, covering studies of almost all parts of the patient’s body, so it has become the cornerstone in veterinary clinic or hospital organization charts. Included within diagnostic imaging, it is gradually becoming its own entity, an external service required by many veterinary clinics. Mobile companies are even being created for this purpose. 

Ultrasound scans provide the veterinary professional with moving images of the structures being studied, as well as information on the condition of the different tissues. It also allows samples to be taken and uses contrast to refine diagnoses. 

This method of work requires a detailed study by the person in charge of performing the scans, since the reliability of the technique depends heavily on the veterinarian's expertise in interpreting the images observed. 

The Master's Degree in Ultrasound in Small Animals is a specialization that treats Ultrasound Scanning as a separate entity within clinical practice, with the aim of obtaining highly qualified professionals. It addresses, among many other aspects, the most advanced applications of the technique, such as ultrasound-guided punctures and biopsies. 

All of the modules include a large amount of multimedia material: photos, videos and diagrams, which are highly important in a specialty where imaging techniques are relevant, for example, in surgery. 

As it is an online Master's Degree, students are not hindered by fixed timetables, nor do they need to commute to another location. All the content can be accessed at any time of the day, so you can balance your professional or personal life with your academic life. 

This program offers the principles and tools for you to become an expert in Veterinary Ultrasound taught by recognized professionals with extensive experience in the sector.  

A Master's Degree that will enable you to work in all fields of veterinary ultrasound with the competence of a high-level professional”

This Master's Degree in Ultrasound in Small Animals offers you all the features of a high-level scientific, teaching, and technological course. These are some of its most notable features: 

• The latest technology in online teaching software 
• A highly visual teaching system, supported by graphic and schematic contents that are easy to assimilate and understand 
• Practical cases presented by practising experts 
• State-of-the-art interactive video systems. 
• Teaching supported by telepractice 
• Continuous updating and recycling systems 
• Autonomous learning: full compatibility with other occupations 
• Practical exercises for self-evaluation and learning verification 
• Support groups and educational synergies: questions to the expert, debate and knowledge forums. 
• Communication with the teacher and individual reflection work 
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection 
• Supplementary documentation databases are permanently available, even after the course  

Learn from real cases with this highly effective educational Master's Degree and open up new paths to your professional progress"

Our teaching staff is made up of professionals from different fields related to this specialty. In this way, we ensure that we provide you with the update program we are aiming for. A multidisciplinary team of professionals trained and experienced in different settings, who will work through theoretical content in an efficient way but, above all, will make available their own practical knowledge derived from experience: one of the distinguishing features of this specialist course.

Command of the subject is complemented by the effectiveness of the methodological design of this Master's Degree in Ultrasound in Small Animals. Developed by a multidisciplinary team of e-learning experts, it integrates the latest advances in educational technology. This way, you will be able to study with a range of comfortable and versatile multimedia tools that will give you the operability you need in your training. 

The design of this program is based on Problem-Based Learning: an approach that conceives learning as a highly practical process. To achieve this remotely, we will use telepractice learning: with the help of an innovative interactive video system, and learning from an expert, you will be able to acquire the knowledge as if you were actually dealing with the scenario you are learning about. A concept that will allow you to integrate and fix learning in a more realistic and permanent way. 

Professionals with extensive experience will teach you how to approach an ultrasound scan correctly in abdominal cavity exploration"

As the course is online, you will be able to train wherever and whenever you want, balancing your personal and professional life"

The contents of this Master's Degree have been developed by the different experts on this course, with a clear purpose: to ensure that our students acquire each and every one of the necessary skills to become true experts in this field. 

A complete and well-structured program that will take you to the highest standards of quality and success.

A complete update program that will take through the necessary thorough training to intervene as a specialist in the theoretical and practical aspects of Ultrasound in Small Animals”

Module 1. Ultrasound Diagnosis

1.1. Ultrasound Scanners 

1.1.1. Frequency 
1.1.2. Depth 
1.1.3. Acoustic Impedance 
1.1.4. Physical Phenomena 

 1.1.4.1. Reflection 
 1.1.4.2. Refraction: 
 1.1.4.3. Absorption 
 1.1.4.4. Dispersion 
 1.1.4.5. Attenuation 

1.1.5. Transduction and Transducer 

1.2. Operation of an Ultrasound Scanner 

1.2.1. Patient Selection and Data Entry 
1.2.2. Types of Exam (Presets) 
1.2.3. Transducer Position 
1.2.4. Freeze, Save, or Pause Image 
1.2.5. Cine Loop 
1.2.6. Image Mode Selection 
1.2.7. Depth 
1.2.8. Zoom 
1.2.9. Focus 
1.2.10. Gain 
1.2.11. Frequency 
1.2.12. Sector Size 

1.3. Types of Probe 

1.3.1. Sectorial 
1.3.2. Lineal 
1.3.3. Microconvex 

1.4. Ultrasound Modes 

1.4.1. M-Mode 
1.4.2. Two-dimensional Mode 
1.4.3. Transesophageal Echocardiogram 

1.5. Doppler Ultrasound 

1.5.1. Physical Principles 
1.5.2. Indications 
1.5.3. Types 

 1.5.3.1. Spectral Doppler 
 1.5.3.2. Pulsed Doppler 
 1.5.3.3. Continuous Doppler 

1.6. Harmonic and Contrast Ultrasound 

1.6.1. Harmonic Ultrasound 
1.6.2. Contrast Ultrasound 
1.6.3. Utilities 

1.7. Patient Preparation 

1.7.1. Prior Preparation 
1.7.2. Positioning 
1.7.3. Sedation? 

1.8. Ultrasounds on the Patient 

1.8.1. How Do Ultrasound Waves Behave when Passing through Tissue? 
1.8.2. What Can We See in the Image? 
1.8.3. Echogenicity 

1.9. Image Orientation and Expression 

1.9.1. Orientation 
1.9.2. Terminology. 
1.9.3. Examples: 

1.10. Artefacts 

1.10.1. Reverberation 
1.10.2. Acoustic Shadow 
1.10.3. Lateral Shadow 
1.10.4. Posterior Acoustic Enhancement 
1.10.5. Margin Effect 
1.10.6. Mirror or Specular Image 
1.10.7. Scintillation Artefact 
1.10.8. Aliasing 

Module 2. Abdominal Ultrasound Scan I 

2.1. Scanning Technique 

2.1.1. Introduction 
2.1.2. Methodology 
2.1.3. Systematization 

2.2. Retroperitoneal Cavity 

2.2.1. Introduction. 
2.2.2. Limits 
2.2.3. Ultrasound Approach 
2.2.4. Pathologies of the Retroperitoneal Cavity 

2.3. Urinary Bladder 

2.3.1. Introduction. 
2.3.2. Anatomy 
2.3.3. Ultrasound Approach 
2.3.4. Urinary Bladder Pathologies 

2.4. Kidneys 

2.4.1. Introduction. 
2.4.2. Anatomy 
2.4.3. Ultrasound Approach 
2.4.4. Kidney Pathology 

2.5. Ureters 

2.5.1. Introduction 
2.5.2. Ultrasound Approach 
2.5.3. Ureter Pathology 

2.6. Urethra 

2.6.1. Introduction. 
2.6.2. Anatomy 
2.6.3. Ultrasound Approach 
2.6.4. Urethral Pathologies 

2.7. Female Genital System 

2.7.1. Introduction. 
2.7.2. Anatomy 
2.7.3. Ultrasound Approach 
2.7.4. Pathologies of the Female Reproductive System 

2.8. Pregnancy and Post-partum 

2.8.1. Introduction 
2.8.2. Pregnancy Diagnosis and Estimation of Gestation Time 
2.8.3. Pathologies 

2.9. Male Genital System 

2.9.1. Introduction 
2.9.2. Anatomy 
2.9.3. Ultrasound Approach 
2.9.4. Pathologies of the Male Reproductive System 

2.10. Adrenal Glands 

2.10.1. Introduction 
2.10.2. Anatomy 
2.10.3. Ultrasound Approach 
2.10.4. Pathologies of the Adrenal Gland 

Module 3. Abdominal Ultrasound Scan II 

3.1. Peritoneal Cavity 

3.1.1. Introduction 
3.1.2. Methodology 
3.1.3. Pathologies of the Peritoneal Cavity 

3.2. Stomach. 

3.2.1. Introduction 
3.2.2. Anatomy 
3.2.3. Ultrasound Approach 
3.2.4. Stomach Pathologies 

3.3. Small Intestine 

3.3.1. Introduction 
3.3.2. Anatomy 
3.3.3. Ultrasound Approach 
3.3.4. Pathologies of the Small Intestine 

3.4. Large Intestine 

3.4.1. Introduction 
3.4.2. Anatomy 
3.4.3. Ultrasound Approach 
3.4.4. Pathologies of the Large Intestine 

3.5. Bladder 

3.5.1. Introduction 
3.5.2. Anatomy 
3.5.3. Ultrasound Approach 
3.5.4. Pathologies of the Spleen 

3.6. Liver 

3.6.1. Introduction 
3.6.2. Anatomy 
3.6.3. Ultrasound Approach 
3.6.4. Pathologies of the Liver 

3.7. Gallbladder 

3.7.1. Introduction 
3.7.2. Anatomy 
3.7.3. Ultrasound Approach 
3.7.4. Gallbladder Pathologies 

3.8. Pancreas 

3.8.1. Introduction 
3.8.2. Anatomy 
3.8.3. Ultrasound Approach 
3.8.4. Pathologies of the Pancreas 

3.9. Abdominal Lymph Nodes 

3.9.1. Introduction 
3.9.2. Anatomy 
3.9.3. Ultrasound Approach 
3.9.4. Pathologies of the Abdominal Lymph Nodes 

3.10. Abdominal Masses 

3.10.1. Ultrasound Approach 
3.10.2. Localisation 
3.10.3. Possible Causes/Origins of Abdominal Masses 

Module 4. Doppler Ultrasound and its Abdominal Applications

4.1. Doppler Ultrasound 

4.1.1. Flow Characteristics 
4.1.2. The Doppler Effect 

4.2. Types of Doppler 

4.2.1. Continuous Wave Doppler 
4.2.2. Pulsed Doppler 
4.2.3. Duplex Doppler 
4.2.4. Color Doppler 
4.2.5. Power Doppler 

4.3. Abdominal Vascular System 

4.3.1. Single-vessel Doppler Study 
4.3.2. Types of Vascular Flow 
4.3.3. Abdominal Vascularization 

4.4. Vascular System Applications 

4.4.1. Aortic Flow 
4.4.2. Vena Cava Flow Rate 
4.4.3. Hepatic Vessel Hypertension 

4.5. Abdominal Cavity Applications 

4.5.1. Renal Vascularization 
4.5.2. Vascularization in Abdominal Masses 
4.5.3. Vascularization in Parenchymal Organs 

4.6. Shunts 

4.6.1. Congenital Portosystemic Shunts 

 4.6.1.1. Intrahepatic 
 4.6.1.2. Extrahepatic 

4.6.2. Acquired Portosystemic Shunts 
4.6.3. Arteriovenous Fistulae 

4.7. Heart Attacks 

4.7.1. Renal 
4.7.2. Intestinal 
4.7.3. Hepatic 
4.7.4. Others 

4.8. Thrombosis 

4.8.1. Aortic Thromboembolism 
4.8.2. Aortic Mineralization 
4.8.3. Portal Vein Thrombosis 
4.8.4. Vena Cava Thromboembolism 

4.9. Lymph Node Vascularization 

4.9.1. Exploration 
4.9.2. Pathological Abdominal Lymph Nodes 

4.10. Intestinal Volvulus 

Module 5. Other Ultrasound Applications 

5.1. Non-cardiac Thoracic Ultrasound 

5.1.1. Thoracic Ultrasound Scan 
5.1.2. Ultrasound Examination of the Thorax 
5.1.3. Findings and Main Pathologies 
5.1.4. TFAST 

5.2. Cervical Ultrasonography 

5.2.1. Cervical Ultrasound Scan 
5.2.2. Ultrasound Examination of the Cervical Region 
5.2.3. Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 
5.2.4. Lymph Nodes and Salivary Glands 
5.2.5. Trachea and Esophagus 

5.3. Ophthalmic Ultrasonography 

5.3.1. Ophthalmologic Ultrasound Scan 
5.3.2. Ultrasound Examination of the Eye and Surrounding Area 
5.3.3. Findings and Main Pathologies 

5.4. Transcerebral Ultrasound and Gestational Ultrasonography 

5.4.1. Ultrasound Scans in Pregnancy 
5.4.2. Gestational Screening Protocol 
5.4.3. Transcerebral Ultrasound Scan. 

5.5. Interventional Ultrasonography 

5.5.1. Basics of Interventional Ultrasonography 
5.5.2. Equipment and Patient Preparation 
5.5.3. Types of Punctures and Biopsy 
5.5.4. Case-specific Technique 

5.6. Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography 

5.6.1. Musculoskeletal Examination 
5.6.2. Skeletal Muscle Scanning and Patterning 
5.6.3. Musculoskeletal Pathologies 

5.7. Ultrasound of Surface Tissues 

5.7.1. Basis for Examining Surface Structures 
5.7.2. Surface Structure Recognition 
5.7.3. Pathologies and Abnormalities in Superficial Tissues 

5.8. Echo-guided Blocks 

5.8.1. Equipment and Basics of Ultrasound-guided Anesthesia 
5.8.2. Posterior Third Blocks 
5.8.3. Anterior Third Blocks 
5.8.4. Other Blocks 

5.9. Ultrasonography in Pediatric and Geriatric Animals 

5.9.1. Features of Ultrasonography in Pediatrics and Geriatrics 
5.9.2. Ultrasound Examination Protocol, Artifacts and Findings 
5.9.3. Detectable Pediatric Pathologies and their Ultrasound Patterns 

5.10. Emergency Department Ultrasonography 

5.10.1. Use of Ultrasound Scans in Emergencies 
5.10.2. Emergency Abdominal Ultrasound Scan 
5.10.3. Emergency Thoracic Ultrasound Scan 

Module 6. Ultrasonography in Feline Patients

6.1. Pulmonary Ultrasound Scan

6.1.1. Ultrasound Techniques
6.1.2. Ultrasound Findings in a Healthy Lung
6.1.3. Ultrasound Findings in Pulmonary Conditions
6.1.4. FAST Ultrasound of the Thorax

6.2. Abdominal Ultrasound: Nephrourinary Pathologies 

6.2.1. Bladder and Urethra Ultrasound Scans
6.2.2. Kidney and Ureter Ultrasound Scans

6.3. Abdominal Ultrasound: Gastrointestinal Pathologies 

6.3.1. Ultrasonography of the Stomach
6.3.2. Ultrasound Scan of the Small Intestine
6.3.3. Ultrasound Scan of the Large Intestine

6.4. Abdominal Ultrasonography: Liver and Biliary Pathologies

6.4.1. Ultrasound Scan of the Liver
6.4.2. Ultrasound Scan of the Biliary Tract

6.5. Abdominal Ultrasonography: Pancreatic and Adrenal Pathologies. 

6.5.1. Ultrasound Scan of the Pancreas
6.5.2. Ultrasound Scan of the Adrenal Gland

6.6. Abdominal Ultrasound Scan: Splenic and Lymphatic Pathologies

6.6.1. Ultrasound Scan of the Spleen
6.6.2. Ultrasound Scan of the Lymph Nodes

6.7. Ultrasonography of Reproductive Conditions

6.7.1. Gestational Diagnosis 
6.7.2. Ultrasound Scan of the Reproductive System in Cats
6.7.3. Ultrasound of the Reproductive System in Cats

6.8. Uses of Doppler Ultrasound in Feline Patients 

6.8.1. Technical Considerations
6.8.2. Blood Vessel Abnormalities
6.8.3. Doppler Ultrasound Utilities in Lymph Nodes and Masses

6.9. Ultrasound Scans of Cervical Pathologies 

6.9.1. Ultrasound Scans of Glands and Lymph Nodes
6.9.2. Ultrasound Scans of Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
6.9.3. Ultrasound Scans of the Larynx

6.10. Diagnostic Techniques Applied to Ultrasonography

6.10.1. Ultrasound-guided Punctures

6.10.1.1. Indications 
6.10.1.2. Considerations and Specific Equipment
6.10.1.3. Sampling of Intra-abdominal Fluids and/or Cavities
6.10.1.4. Organ and/or Mass Sampling 

6.10.2. Use of Contrasts in Feline Ultrasound

6.10.2.1. Types of Contrast in Cats
6.10.2.2. Indications for Using Contrasts
6.10.2.3. Diagnosis of Pathologies by Ultrasound Contrast

Module 7. Ultrasound in Exotic Animals 

7.1. Ultrasound Examination of New Companion Animals

7.1.1. Features and handling of New Companion Animals
7.1.2. Patient Preparation
7.1.3. Ultrasound Equipment

7.2. Abdominal Ultrasonography in Rabbits

7.2.1. Ultrasound Scan of the Urinary Tract
7.2.2. Ultrasound Scan of the Reproductive System
7.2.3. Ultrasound Scan of the Digestive System 
7.2.4. Ultrasound Scan of the Hepatic and Biliary Tracts
7.2.5. Ultrasound Scan of the Adrenal Glands
7.2.6. Ocular Ultrasonography 

7.3. Abdominal Ultrasonography in Rodents

7.3.1. Ultrasonography in Guinea Pigs
7.3.2. Ultrasonography in Chinchillas
7.3.3. Ultrasonography in Small Rodents

7.4. Abdominal Ultrasonography in Ferrets

7.4.1. Ultrasound Scan of the Urinary Tract
7.4.2. Ultrasound Scan of the Reproductive System
7.4.3. Ultrasound Scan of the Digestive System
7.4.4. Ultrasound Scan of the Hepatic and Biliary Tracts
7.4.5. Ultrasound Scan of the Spleen and Pancreas
7.4.6. Ultrasound Scan of the Lymph Nodes and Adrenal Glands

7.5. Ultrasonography in Turtles

7.5.1. Ultrasound Scan of the Urinary Tract
7.5.2. Ultrasound Scan of the Reproductive System
7.5.3. Ultrasound Scan of the Digestive System
7.5.4. Hepatic Ultrasound Scan

7.6. Ultrasonography in Lizards

7.6.1. Diagnostic and Physiological Ultrasonography
7.6.2. Renal Ultrasound Scan
7.6.3. Ultrasound Scan of the Reproductive System
7.6.4. Hepatic Ultrasound Scan 

7.7. Ultrasonography in Snakes

7.7.1. Diagnostic and Physiological Ultrasonography
7.7.2. Renal Ultrasound Scan
7.7.3. Ultrasound Scan of the Reproductive System
7.7.4. Ultrasound Scan of the Digestive System
7.7.5. Hepatic Ultrasound Scan

7.8. Ultrasonography in Birds 

7.8.1. Diagnostic and Physiological Ultrasonography
7.8.2. Ultrasound Scan of the Reproductive System
7.8.3. Hepatic Ultrasound Scan
7.8.4. Echocardiography in Birds

7.9. Thoracic Ultrasound Scan

7.9.1. Thoracic Ultrasonography in Rabbits
7.9.2. Thoracic Ultrasonography in Guinea Pigs
7.9.3. Thoracic Ultrasonography in Ferrets

7.10. Echocardiography

7.10.1. Echocardiography in Rabbits 
7.10.2. Echocardiography in Ferrets

Module 8. Echocardiography I. Echocardiographic Examination. Examination Methods Application to Cardiology

8.1. Echocardiography

8.1.1. Equipment and Probes
8.1.2. Patient Positioning
8.1.3. Echocardiographic Examination Methods

8.2. Keys to Carrying Out an Optimal Echocardiographic Study 

8.2.1. How to Optimize the Performance of my Ultrasound Equipment?
8.2.2. Factors Affecting the Quality of an Echocardiographic Study
8.2.3. Artifacts in Echocardiography

8.3. Echocardiographic Slicing

8.3.1. Right Side Parasternal Cuts
8.3.2. Left Side Parasternal Cuts
8.3.3. Subcostal Cuts

8.4. M Mode Echocardiographic Examination

8.4.1. How to Optimize the Image in M Mode
8.4.2. M Mode Applied to the Left Ventricle
8.4.3. M Mode Applied Mitral Valve
8.4.4. M Mode Applied Aortic Valve

8.5. Color and Spectral Doppler Echocardiographic Examinations 

8.5.1. Physical Principles of Color Dopplers
8.5.2. Physical Principles of Spectral Dopplers
8.5.3. Color Doppler Imaging
8.5.4. Pulsed Doppler Imaging Importance of Continuous Dopplers in Echocardiography
8.5.5. Tissue Doppler

8.6. Echocardiographic Examination of the Aortic and Pulmonary Valves

8.6.1. Color Doppler Mode at Aortic Valve
8.6.2. Color Doppler Mode at Lung Valve
8.6.3. Spectral Doppler Mode at Aortic Valve
8.6.4. Spectral Doppler Mode at Lung Valve

8.7. Echocardiographic Examination of Mitral/Tricuspid Valves and Pulmonary Veins

8.7.1. Color Doppler Mode at Mitral and Tricuspid Valves
8.7.2. Spectral Doppler Mode at Mitral and Tricuspid Valves 
8.7.3. Spectral Doppler Mode at Pulmonary Veins

8.8. Assessment of Systolic and Diastolic Function Using Echocardiography 

8.8.1. Determination of Systolic Function in 2d Mode
8.8.2. Determination of Systolic Function in M Mode
8.8.3. Determination of Systolic Function in Spectral Doppler Mode

8.9. Assessment of Systolic and Diastolic Function Using Echocardiography

8.9.1. Determination of Diastolic Function in 2D Mode
8.9.2. Determination of Diastolic Function in M Mode 
8.9.3. Determination of Diastolic Function in Spectral Doppler Mode

8.10. Echocardiographic Examination to Assess Hemodynamics Application in Cardiology 

8.10.1. Pressure Gradients
8.10.2. Systolic Pressure
8.10.2. Diastolic Pressure

Module 9. Echocardiography II Assessment of Main Cardiac Diseases

9.1. Valvular Diseases

9.1.1. Chronic Mitral Valve Degeneration 
9.1.2. Chronic Tricuspid Valve Degeneration 
9.1.3. Atrioventricular Valve Stenosis 
9.1.4. Semilunar Valve Abnormalities 

9.2. Pulmonary Hypertension

9.2.1. Echocardiographic Signs of Pulmonary Hypertension: B Mode 
9.2.2. Echocardiographic Signs of Pulmonary Hypertension: M Mode
9.2.3. Echocardiographic Signs of Pulmonary Hypertension: Doppler
9.2.4. Causes and Differentiation of Types of Pulmonary Hypertension 

9.3. Myocardial Diseases 

9.3.1. Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
9.3.2. Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
9.3.3. Myocarditis

9.4. Feline Cardiomyopathies

9.4.1. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
9.4.2. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
9.4.3. Feline Dilated Cardiomyopathy
9.4.4. Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
9.4.5. Unclassified Cardiomyopathies

9.5. Pericardium and Pericardiocentesis 

9.5.1. Idiopathic Pericarditis
9.5.2. Constrictive Pericarditis
9.5.3. Other Pericardial Diseases
9.5.4. Pericardiocentesis
9.5.5. Pericardiectomy.

9.6. Cardiac Neoplasms

9.6.1. Hemangiosarcoma 
9.6.2. Cardiac-based Tumors 
9.6.3. Lymphoma
9.6.4. Mesothelioma
9.6.5. Others

9.7. Congenital Heart Diseases I

9.7.1. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
9.7.2. Pulmonary Stenosis. 
9.7.3. Subaortic Stenosis
9.7.4. Interventricular and Interatrial Defects
9.7.5. Valvular Dysplasia

9.8. Congenital Heart Diseases II

9.8.1. Interventricular and Interatrial Defects 
9.8.2. Valvular Dysplasia
9.8.3. Tetralogy of Fallot
9.8.4. Others

9.9. Dirofilariasis and Other Cardiopulmonary Worms 

9.9.1. Canine and Feline Dirofilariasis
9.9.2. Canine Angiostrongylosis
9.9.3. Complementary Tests

9.10. Transesophageal Echocardiography and 3D Echocardiography

9.10.1. Transesophageal Echocardiogram: Basics 
9.10.2. Transesophageal Echocardiogram: Indications
9.10.3. 3D Echocardiogram: Basics
9.10.4. 3D Echocardiogram: Indications

Module 10. Preparing an Ultrasound Report 

10.1. Ultrasound Jargon I 

10.1.1. Nomenclature, Description and the Diagnostic Uses of Different Artifacts 
10.1.2. Relative Echogenicity 
10.1.3. Comparative Echogenicity 

10.2. Ultrasound Jargon II 

10.2.1. Structural Description of Selected Organs 
10.2.2. Using the Movement of Structures and Organs for Assessing the Latter 
10.2.3. Location of Each Organ in Space and Its Relation to Anatomical Landmarks 

10.3. Registering a Study 

10.3.1. How Should an Image Study be Recorded and Stored? 
10.3.2. Study Validity Period 
10.3.3. Which Images and How Should I Attach Them to the Report?

10.4. Report Templates 

10.4.1. What is the Purpose of an Ultrasound report? 
10.4.2. Basic Outline of a Professional Ultrasound Report 
10.4.3. Specific Outline of Selected Ultrasound Reports 

10.5. Indices 

10.5.1. Distances 
10.5.2. Volumes 
10.5.3. Ratios or Indices 
10.5.4. Speeds 

10.6. Description of Lesions Observed 

10.6.1. Mnemonic Rule FOR TA CON E ES U V 
10.6.2. Subjective Assessments 
10.6.3. Objective Assessments 

10.7. Diagnoses 

10.7.1. Differential Diagnoses 
10.7.2. Presumptive Diagnosis 
10.7.3. Firm Diagnosis 

10.8. Final Recommendations 

10.8.1. Limitations of Ultrasound Studies (Operator-Dependent Technique) 
10.8.2. Diagnostic Recommendations 
10.8.3. Therapeutic Guidelines 

10.9. Echocardiographic Report 

10.9.1. Function 
10.9.2. Structure of the Echocardiographic Report 
10.9.3. Differences Between Abdominal Ultrasound Reports of Other Organs and Cardiac Ultrasound Reports 

10.10. Using Templates 

10.10.1. Using Templates vs. Self-reporting 
10.10.2. Ultrasound Report Templates 
10.10.3. How Can I Stand Out from the Rest by Creating My Own Templates?

A comprehensive teaching program, structured in well-developed teaching units, oriented towards learning that is compatible with your personal and professional life"