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Introduction to the Program
Sé el médico más reputado gracias, a los avanzados conocimientos en electroencefalografía que adquirirás en este programa”
Siendo un método fiable, seguro e indoloro, los electroencefalogramas se han extendido en el ámbito clínico para el diagnóstico de todo tipo de patologías relacionadas con el cerebro. La principal de ellas es la epilepsia, aunque también se emplea para detectar tumores cerebrales o diversos trastornos del sueño.
La electroencefalografía ha sufrido una evolución constante, pues pese a ser un método con cierta antigüedad no ha dejado de usarse y mejorar, lo que obliga a los profesionales de la medicina a actualizar sus conocimientos en esta materia de forma continuada. Por este mismo motivo, TECH reúne en esta Postgraduate diploma los conocimientos más actuales y vigentes de la electroencefalografía, a fin de que el profesional de la medicina tenga acceso al mejor material didáctico posible al respecto.
Gracias a este título, el alumno será capaz de realizar con precisión registros y análisis de la electrogénesis cerebral, así como conocer las técnicas neurofisiológicas más certeras a la hora de detectar y tratar tanto la epilepsia como diferentes trastornos del sueño. Todo ello en 3 módulos de enseñanza de amplia.
Debido a la modalidad 100% online, el estudiante tiene la capacidad de poder compaginar este programa con el resto de sus responsabilidades profesionales o personales. Gracias a que TECH no requiere ni presencialidad ni asistencia a clases, es el propio alumno el que decide cuándo, cómo y dónde asumir toda la carga lectiva del programa.
Amplia tu metodología diagnóstica cerebral y conviértete en una referencia del panorama médico gracias a tu conocimiento en electroencefalografía”
Esta Postgraduate diploma en Encephalography and Neurophysiologic Study of Sleep contiene el programa científico más completo y actualizado del mercado. Sus características más destacadas son:
- El desarrollo de casos prácticos presentados por médicos expertos en electroencefalografía
- Los contenidos gráficos, esquemáticos y eminentemente prácticos con los que está concebido, recogen una información científica y práctica sobre aquellas disciplinas indispensables para el ejercicio profesional
- Los ejercicios prácticos donde realizar el proceso de autoevaluación para mejorar el aprendizaje
- Su especial hincapié en metodologías innovadoras
- Las lecciones teóricas, preguntas al experto, foros de discusión de temas controvertidos y trabajos de reflexión individual
- La disponibilidad de acceso a los contenidos desde cualquier dispositivo fijo o portátil con conexión a internet
Matricúlate ya en esta Postgraduate diploma y no esperes más a ese futuro que visualizas como médico de gran prestigio”
El programa incluye, en su cuadro docente, a profesionales del sector que vierten en esta capacitación la experiencia de su trabajo, además de reconocidos especialistas de sociedades de referencia y universidades de prestigio.
Su contenido multimedia, elaborado con la última tecnología educativa, permitirá al profesional un aprendizaje situado y contextual, es decir, un entorno simulado que proporcionará una capacitación inmersiva programada para entrenarse ante situaciones reales.
El diseño de este programa se centra en el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, mediante el cual el profesional deberá tratar de resolver las distintas situaciones de práctica profesional que se le planteen a lo largo del programa. Para ello, contará con la ayuda de un novedoso sistema de vídeo interactivo realizado por reconocidos expertos.
TECH te apoya en tu camino hacia la mayor fama médica con los profesionales del sector más reputados”
La Postgraduate diploma en Encephalography and Neurophysiologic Study of Sleep será la llave que te abra la puerta hacia los puestos directivos que ambicionas”
Syllabus
Being aware of the high professional load that medical professionals usually have, TECH Global University helps them by elaborating the contents and structures of this Postgraduate diploma in a concise and direct way, facilitating the study work as much as possible. Thanks to an accurate audiovisual support and the elimination of the final work required by other degrees, in TECH Global University the student is guaranteed to get the most out of the whole subject without having to make a colossal investment of hours.
Can you imagine what your future could be like if you become an expert in electroencephalography? Stop imagining it and make it happen at TECH Global University"
Module 1. Brain Electrogenesis. Recording and Analysis Techniques. Development of the electroencephalogram
1.1. Biophysical Fundamentals of EEG Recording
1.1.1. Context
1.1.2. Brief Mathematical Reminder
1.1.2.1. Vector Analysis
1.1.2.2. Determinants and Matrices
1.1.3. Brief Introduction to Electromagnetism
1.1.3.1. Field and Potential Concepts
1.1.3.2. Maxwell's Equations
1.1.4. Brain Electrical Fields
1.2. Technical and Analytical Fundamentals of EEG
1.2.1. Context
1.2.2. Analog-to-digital Conversion (ADC)
1.2.3. Filters
1.2.4. Digital Signal Analysis
1.2.4.1. Spectral Analysis
1.2.4.2. Analysis of Wavelets
1.2.5. Determination of the Interaction between Two Signals
1.3. Protocols and Standards for EEG and Video-EEG, Activation Maneuvers. Artifact Detection
1.3.1. EEG and Video-EEG
1.3.1.1. Registration Conditions
1.3.1.2. Electrodes
1.3.1.3. By-passes and Assemblies
1.3.1.4. Records
1.3.2. Vídeo-EEG
1.3.2.1. Technical Aspects
1.3.2.2. Indications
1.3.3. Routine Stimulation Maneuvers
1.3.3.1. Ocular Opening and Closing
1.3.3.2. Pulmonary Hyperventilation
1.3.3.3. Intermittent Light Stimulation
1.3.4. Other Non-standard Methods of Activation
1.3.4.1. Other Visual Activation Procedures
1.3.4.2. Activation through Sleep
1.3.4.3. Other Activation Methods
1.3.5. Introduction and Importance of Artifacts
1.3.5.1. General Principles of Detection
1.3.5.2. Most Common Artifacts
1.3.5.3. Artifact Removal
1.3.6. Key Concepts
1.4. Normal Adult EEG
1.4.1. Normal EEG in Wakefulness
1.4.1.1. Alpha Rhythm
1.4.1.2. Beta Rhythm
1.4.1.3. Mu Rhythm
1.4.1.4. Lambda Waves
1.4.1.5. Low-voltage Tracing
1.4.1.6. Theta Activity
1.4.2. Normal EEG in Sleep
1.4.2.1. NREM Sleep
1.4.2.2. REM Sleep
1.4.3. Variants of Normality/Patterns of Uncertain Significance
1.5. Child EEG, Development and Maturation (I)
1.5.1. Technical Considerations
1.5.2. Age-dependent EEG Characteristics
1.5.2.1. Continuity
1.5.2.2. Bilateral Hemispheric Synchrony
1.5.2.3. Voltage
1.5.2.4. Variability
1.5.2.5. Reactivity
1.5.2.6. Age-dependent Waves
1.5.2.6.1. Beta-Delta Complex
1.5.2.6.2. Temporary Theta and Alpha Wave Bursts
1.5.2.6.3. Acute Frontal Waves
1.5.3. EEG in Wakefulness and Sleep
1.5.3.1. Wakefulness
1.5.3.2. NREM Sleep
1.5.3.3. REM Sleep
1.5.3.4. Indeterminate and Transitional Sleep
1.5.3.5. Reactivity to Stimuli
1.5.4. Special Patterns/Variants of Normality
1.5.4.1. Bifrontal Delta Activity
1.5.4.2. Temporary Sharp Waves
1.5.5. Key Concepts
1.6. Child EEG, Development and Maturation (II). Physiological EEG from Infant to Adolescent
1.6.1. Technical Considerations
1.6.2. EEG in Infants from 2 to 12 Months of Age
1.6.3. EEG in Early Childhood 12 to 36 months
1.6.4. EEG in Preschool Age, from 3 to 5 years old
1.6.5. EEG in Older Children, 6 to 12
1.6.6. EEG in Adolescents, 13 to 20 Years old
1.6.7. Key Concepts
1.7. Slow Anomalies, Description and Significance
1.7.1. Focal Slow Anomalies
1.7.1.1. Summary
1.7.1.2. Pattern Description
1.7.1.3. Clinical Significance of Slow Focal Waves
1.7.1.4. Disorders Causing Slow Focal Waves
1.7.2. Asynchronous Generalized Slow Anomalies
1.7.2.1. Summary
1.7.2.2. Pattern Description
1.7.2.3. Clinical Significance of Generalized Asynchronous Waves
1.7.2.4. Disorders Causing Generalized Asynchronous Waves
1.7.3. Synchronous Generalized Slow Waves
1.7.3.1. Summary
1.7.3.2. Pattern Description
1.7.3.3. Clinical Significance of Generalized Asynchronous Waves
1.7.3.4. Disorders Causing Generalized Asynchronous Waves
1.7.4. Conclusions
1.8. Focal and Generalized Intercritical Epileptiform Anomalies
1.8.1. General Considerations
1.8.2. Identification Criteria
1.8.3. Location Criteria
1.8.4. Intercritical Epileptiform Anomalies and Their Interpretation
1.8.4.1. Spikes and Sharp Waves
1.8.4.2. Benign Focal Epileptiform Discharges
1.8.4.3. Wave-Point
1.8.4.3.1. Slow Wave-Point
1.8.4.3.2. Wave-Point at 3 Hz
1.8.4.3.3. Polypoint or Wave Polypoint
1.8.4.4. Hypsarrhythmia
1.8.4.5. Focal Intercritical Anomalies in Generalized Epilepsies
1.8.5. Summary/key points
1.9. Ictal EEG. Types of Seizures and Electroclinical Correlates
1.9.1. Generalized Onset Seizures
1.9.1.1. Motor start
1.9.1.2. Non-motor Start
1.9.2. Focal Onset Seizures
1.9.2.1. State of Consciousness
1.9.2.2. Motor/non-motor Start
1.9.2.3. Focal with Progression to Bilateral Tonic-Clonic
1.9.2.4. Hemispheric Lateralization
1.9.2.5. Lobar Location
1.9.3. Crisis of Unknown Onset
1.9.3.1. Motor/non-motor
1.9.3.2. Unclassified
1.9.4. Key Concepts
1.10. Quantified EEG
1.10.1. Historical Utilization of Quantified EEG in Clinical Practice
1.10.2. Application of Quantified EEG Methods
1.10.2.1. Types of Quantified EEG
1.10.2.1.1. Power Spectrum
1.10.2.1.2. Synchronization Measures
1.10.3. Quantified EEG in Current Clinical Practice
1.10.3.1. Classification of Encephalopathies
1.10.3.2. Seizure Detection
1.10.3.3. Advantages of Continuous EEG Monitoring
1.10.4. Key Concepts
Module 2. Electroencephalogram (EEG) in Electroclinical Syndromes and in the Neurocritical Patient. Precision Neurophysiologic techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy
2.1. Electroclinical Syndromes of the Neonate and Infant
2.1.1. Neonatal Period
2.1.1.1. Ohtahara Syndrome
2.1.1.2. Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy
2.1.1.3. Self-limited Neonatal Seizures. Self-limited Familial Neonatal Neonatal Epilepsy
2.1.1.4. Neonatal-onset Structural Focal Epilepsy
2.1.2. Infant Period
2.1.2.1. West Syndrome
2.1.2.2. Dravet Syndrome
2.1.2.3. Febrile Plus Seizures and Genetic Epilepsy with Febrile Plus Seizures
2.1.2.4. Myoclonic Epilepsy of the Infant
2.1.2.5. Familial and Non-familial Self-limited Infant Epilepsy
2.1.2.6. Epilepsy of the Infant with Migrating Focal Seizures
2.1.2.7. Myoclonic Status in Non-Progressive Encephalopathies
2.1.2.8. Epilepsy in Chromosomal Disorders
2.2. Electroclinical Syndromes in Children
2.2.1. Role of EEG and Video-EEG in the Diagnosis and Classification of Epileptic Syndromes with Onset between 3 and 12 Years of Age
2.2.1.1. Background and Current Clinical Practice
2.2.1.2. Methodological Design and Recording Protocols
2.2.1.3. Interpretation, Diagnostic Value of Findings, Report
2.2.1.4. Integration of EEG into Syndrome-Ethiology Taxonomy
2.2.2. Genetic Generalized Epilepsies (idiopathic, IGE)
2.2.2.1. Typical EEG Features of EGI and Methodological Principles
2.2.2.2. Epilepsy with Infantile Absence
2.2.2.3. Epilepsy with Juvenile Absence
2.2.2.4. Other EGI Phenotypes (3-12 years)
2.2.2.5. Epilepsies with Reflex Seizures
2.2.3. Genetic Focal Epilepsies (Idiopathic, EFI)
2.2.3.1. Typical EEG Features of EFI and Methodological Principles
2.2.3.2. Focal Idiopathic Focal Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes
2.2.3.3. Panayiotopoulos Syndrome
2.2.3.4. Other EFI Phenotypes (3-12 years)
2.2.4. Non-idiopathic Focal Epilepsies (FE). Lobar Syndromes
2.2.4.1. Typical EEG Features of EF and Methodological Principles
2.2.4.2. Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
2.2.4.3. Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
2.2.4.4. Epilepsy of the Posterior Cortex
2.2.4.5. Other Locations (insula, cingulum, hemispheric lesions)
2.2.5. Epileptic Encephalopathies (EE) and Related Syndromes (3-12 years)
2.2.5.1. Typical EEG Features of EE and Methodological Principles
2.2.5.2. Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
2.2.5.3. Encephalopathy with Electrical Sleep Electrical Status Sickness (ESES) and Landau-Kleffner Syndrome.
2.2.5.4. Epilepsy with Myoclonus-atonic Seizures (Doose Syndrome)
2.2.5.5. Epilepsy with Myoclonic Absence
2.3. Adolescent and Adult Electroclinical Syndromes
2.3.1. Role of EEG in the Diagnosis of Epileptic Syndromes in Adolescents and Adults
2.3.2. Genetic Generalized Epilepsy in Adolescents and Adults
2.3.2.1. Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
2.3.2.2. Juvenile Absence Epilepsy
2.3.2.3. Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures
2.3.2.4. Other Phenotypes of EGI in Adolescents and Adults
2.3.3. Non-idiopathic Focal Epilepsy in Adolescents and Adults. Lobar Syndromes
2.3.3.1. Frontal Lobe
2.3.3.2. Temporal Lobe
2.3.3.3. Other Locations
2.3.4. Other Non-Age-Dependent Epileptic Syndromes
2.3.5. Epilepsy in the Elderly
2.4. EEG Nomenclature in ICU
2.4.1. Minimum Requirements for Reporting in the Neurocritically Ill Patient
2.4.2. Background Tracing
2.4.3. Epileptiform Discharges of Sporadic Occurrence
2.4.4. Rhythmic and/or Periodic Patterns
2.4.5. Electrical and Electro-clinical Crises
2.4.6. Short-term Rhythmic Discharges (BIRDs)
2.4.7. Patrón ictal-interictal (ictal-interictal continuum)
2.4.8. Other Terminology
2.5. EEG in Altered Level of Consciousness, Coma and Brain Death
2.5.1. EEG Findings in Encephalopathy
2.5.2. EEG Findings in Coma
2.5.3. Brain Electrical Inactivity
2.5.4. Evoked Potentials in Conjunction with EEG in Patients with Altered Level of Consciousness
2.6. Status Epilepticus (I)
2.6.1. Context
2.6.1.1. "Time is Brain"
2.6.1.2. Pathophysiology
2.6.2. Definition and Timing
2.6.3. Classification. Diagnostic Axes
2.6.3.1. Axis I. Semiology
2.6.3.2. Axis II. Etiology
2.6.3.3. Axis III. EEG correlate
2.6.3.4. Axis IV. Age
2.7. Status Epilepticus (II)
2.7.1. Non-convulsive Status Epilepticus: Definition
2.7.2. Semiology
2.7.2.1. Nonconvulsive Status in Comatose Patients
2.7.2.2. Nonconvulsive Status in Patients without Coma
2.7.2.2.1. Dyscognitive Status: With Altered Level of Consciousness (or dialeptic) and Aphasic
2.7.2.2.2. Continued Aura
2.7.2.2.3. Autonomous Status
2.7.3. EEG Criteria for the Determination of Non-seizure Status (Salzburg Criteria)
2.8. Continuous EEG/Video-EEG Monitoring in ICU
2.8.1. Utility and Conditions
2.8.2. Recommended Indications and Duration
2.8.2.1. Adult and Pediatric Population
2.8.2.2. Neonates
2.8.3. Clinical Tools
2.8.4. New Devices
2.9. Epilepsy Surgery
2.9.1. Pre-surgical Video-EEG
2.9.1.1. Superficial
2.9.1.2. Invasive
2.9.1.3. Semi-invasivo
2.9.2. Intraoperative Monitoring
2.10. The High Density Electroencephalogram. Generator Location and Source Analysis
2.10.1. Signal Acquisition
2.10.1.1. General Aspects
2.10.1.2. Type, Location and Number of Electrodes
2.10.1.3. The Importance of the Reference
2.10.2. Digitization of Electrode Location
2.10.3. Debugging, Artifacts and Signal Cleaning
2.10.4. Blind Source Separation
2.10.5. Brain Dipoles
2.10.6. Brain Maps
2.10.6.1. Adaptive Spatial Filters
2.10.7. Skull and Brain Modeling
2.10.7.1. Spherical Models
2.10.7.2. Surface Element Model
2.10.8. Finite Element Model
2.10.9. Generator Location: Inverse Problem
2.10.9.1. Single Current Dipole Model
2.10.10. ImagingMethods
Module 3. Neurobiology and Physiology of Sleep. Methodological Aspects
3.1. Normal Sleep
3.1.1. Features
3.1.2. Evolution with Age
3.1.3. Function
3.2. Neurobiology and Physiological Changes during the Sleep-Wake Cycle
3.3. Chronobiology of the sleep-wake cycle
3.4. Polysomnography (I): Technical Aspects and Methodology
3.5. Polysomnography (II): Recording Sensors and their Use
3.6. Polysomnography (III): Quantification of Sleep Structure and Cardiorespiratory Events
3.7. Polysomnography (IV): Quantification of Motor Events
3.8. Advanced Automatic Signal Analysis
3.9. Other Sleep-Wake Polygraphic Techniques
3.9.1. Sleep Breathing Polygraphy
3.9.2. Multiple Sleep Latency Test
3.9.3. Maintenance of Wakefulness Test
3.9.4. Suggested Immobilization Test
3.10. Actigraphy, Circadian Monitoring and other Ambulatory Measurements
A professional with your high medical capabilities deserves the best possible course. Welcome to the place where winners choose"
Postgraduate Diploma in Encephalography and Neurophysiological Sleep Study
Encephalography (EEG) and neurophysiological sleep study are medical tests used to evaluate electrical activity in the brain and a patient's sleep patterns, respectively. Encephalography is a painless test that measures the electrical activity of the brain by recording brain waves on the scalp. It is used to diagnose a variety of neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, encephalopathy, meningitis, head trauma, down syndrome, among others. The neurophysiological sleep study, also known as polysomnography, is a medical technique used to evaluate the different stages of sleep and the patient's state of alertness. This test is performed in a sleep laboratory and records brain activity, muscle activity, breathing and eye movements during sleep. It is used to diagnose sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome and various mood disorders.
Both EEG and neurophysiological sleep study are important tests in neurology and sleep medicine. Both techniques provide valuable information for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases and sleep disorders. Accurate diagnosis of these pathologies helps to ensure proper medical care and improve the quality of life of patients. The objective of this Postgraduate Diploma program in Encephalography and Neurophysiological Study of Sleep, taught online, is to provide students with an in-depth knowledge of the fundamentals and techniques of sleep neurophysiology and its relationship to the human brain. Students will learn to work with technologies such as EEG, polysomnography and actigraphy to analyze brain activity in relation to sleep.