Acquire in a safe way, with a high-quality study, the knowledge required for the first approach to neurological pathologies affecting small animals"  

This course deals with the embryology, anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. For a correct understanding of the pathologies that cause alterations in the nervous system, it is essential to know how the structures that compose it are formed embryologically, to see which are its components and how they function and interrelate with each other.

The study of embryology and the process of the Training of the nervous structures in the embryo is fundamental for the knowledge of congenital pathologies that have their explanation in the bad development of the embryo.

It is important to know the bony structures that protect the central nervous system of the different regions of the brain and spinal cord, which are key to a correct interpretation of the imaging tests. As well as the exhaustive knowledge of the essential anatomy focuses the practitioner on the surgical procedures and in the approach and techniques that neurosurgery demands.

Arterial and venous vascularization and its presence and disposition in the central nervous system are studied, essential knowledge to know the pathologies that can cause vascular accidents (hemorrhage, infarction), as well as their intraoperative management and the techniques of the different approaches.

The neurological examination consists of several parts and we must be methodical in its performance in order not to miss any data that may have a relevant importance in our assessment of the problem. One part will be patient observation (mental status, gait and posture) and the other part will be a practical examination, which will include the evaluation of cranial pairs, postural reactions and spinal reflexes.

The neurological examination will indicate the place or places in the nervous system where the problem is located (neurolocalization), and in each part of the nervous system there is a series of characteristic clinical signs that we will detail in this topic.

Depending on where the problem is located: in the central nervous system or in the peripheral nervous system, the clinical and diagnostic tests will be very different, being very important its recognition to reach definitive conclusions.

It addresses how to correctly perform a neurological examination, the collection of data such as anamnesis and review, a correct physical examination of the patient and a methodical and systemic evaluation of the neurological examination. The emphasis will also be placed on everything necessary to carry it out and collect the data. 

You will learn how to perform a methodical and efficient neurological examination that will provide you with the first keys to action, guiding your approach in the most efficient and safe way”

This Postgraduate certificate in Neurological Examination and Localization in Small Animals offers the characteristics of a program of high scientific, teaching and technological level. These are some of its most notable features: 

• The latest technology in online teaching software
• A highly visual teaching system, supported by graphic and schematic contents that are easy to assimilate and understand
• Practical cases presented by practising experts
• State-of-the-art interactive video systems
• Teaching supported by telepractice
• Continuous updating and recycling systems
• Autonomous learning: full compatibility with other occupations
• Practical exercises for self-evaluation and learning verification
• Support groups and educational synergies: questions to the expert, debate and knowledge forums
• Communication with the teacher and individual reflection work
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection
• Supplementary documentation databases are permanently available, even after the course

Un estA study that includes knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, brain or spinal cord"

The topics and clinical cases proposed, as well as their resolution, are based on the practical experience of the teachers and on the latest advances in research and development that nurture this field of work.

All knowledge is presented through high quality multimedia content, analysis of clinical cases prepared by the teachers, master classes and video techniques that allow the exchange of knowledge and experience, maintain and update the level training of its members, create protocols for action and disseminate the most important developments in emergency medicine in small animal medicine.

TECH teaching staff is made up of professionals from different fields related to this specialty. In this way TECH makes sure to offer the student the instructional update objective it intends. A multidisciplinary team of communication management trained and experienced in different environments, who will develop the theoretical knowledge in an efficient way, but, above all, will bring their practical knowledge derived from their own experience to the course: one of the differential qualities of this training.

This mastery of the subject matter is complemented by the effectiveness of the methodological design of Postgraduate certificate. Developed by a multidisciplinary team of e-learning experts, it integrates the latest advances in educational technology. This way, you will be able to study with a range of comfortable and versatile multimedia tools that will give you the operability you need in your training

The design of this program is based on Problem-Based Learning: an approach that conceives learning as a highly practical process. To achieve this remotely, we will use telepractice learning: with the help of an innovative interactive video system, and learning from an expert, you will be able to acquire the knowledge as if you were actually dealing with the scenario you are learning about. A concept that will allow you to integrate and fix learning in a more realistic and permanent way.. 

Learn at your own pace, in a process that combines intensity and flexibility to allow you to learn in a comfortable and sustainable way"

The student will learn through a complete and concrete syllabus and will go through all the essential learning areas proposed, gradually acquiring the necessary skills to put the necessary knowledge into practice. A well-developed learning scheme that will allow you to learn in a continuous, efficient and customized way. 

All the topics of this Postgraduate Certificate have been developed in such a way that you learn constantly, converting the study into real competences"

Module 1.  Embryology, Anatomy, Physiology Of The Nervous System

1.1. Embryology of the Nervous System

       1.1.1. Embryology of the Brain
       1.1.2. Spinal Cord Embryology

1.2. Basic and Functional Anatomy of the Brain

       1.2.1. Anatomy of the Prosencephalon
       1.2.2. Anatomy of the Brain Stem  
       1.2.3. Anatomy of the Cerebellum

1.3. Basic and Functional Spinal Cord Anatomy

       1.3.1.Spinal Cord Anatomy
       1.3.2. Main Spinal Cord Pathways

1.4. Anatomy of the Peripheral Nerves I

       1.4.1.     Cranial Nerves
       1.4.2.     Spinal nerves

1.5.  Anatomy of the Peripheral Nerves II

       1.5.1. Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

1.6.  Anatomy of the Peripheral Nerves III

       1.6.1. Sympathetic Nervous System
       1.6.2. Parasympathetic Nervous System

1.7. Anatomy and Physiology of the Motor Unit

       1.7.1. Anatomy
       1.7.2. Physiology

1.8. Vascular Anatomy of the Encephalon

       1.8.1. Arterial Irrigation
       1.8.2. Venous Irrigation

1.9. Vascular Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

       1.9.1.  Arterial Irrigation
       1.9.2.  Venous Irrigation

1.10. Skeletal System

       1.10.1. Cranial Bones, Joints and Cranial Nerve Outlets
       1.10.2. Vertebrae, Joints and Intervertebral Discs

Module 2.  Neurological Examination and Neurolocalization

2.1. Review and Anamnesis

       2.1.1. Necessary Tools for a Correct Neurological Examination
       2.1.2. Medical History. The Importance of a Correct Anamnesis
       2.1.3. List of Problems

2.2. Neurological Examination Part I

       2.2.1. State of Mind
       2.2.2. March
       2.2.3. Posture

2.3. Neurological Examination Part II

       2.3.1. Cranial Nerves
       2.3.2. Postural Reactions
       2.3.3. Spinal Reflexes
       2.3.4. Sensitivity

2.4. Clinical Signs Associated with Prosencephalon Lesion

       2.4.1. Blindness with Absence of Threat Response   
       2.4.2. Facial Sensitivity Deficits
       2.4.3. Postural Reaction Deficits
       2.4.4. Alterations in Behavior or Mental Status
       2.4.5. Cerebral Seizures
       2.4.6. Wandering and Walking in Circles
       2.4.7. Head Torsion
       2.4.8. Head Pressing
       2.4.9. Decerebration Stiffness

2.5. Clinical Signs Associated with Brain Stem Injury

       2.5.1. Deficiency of the Cranial Nerves from III to XII
       2.5.2. Postural Reaction Deficits
       2.5.3. Alterations of the Mental State 
       2.5.4. Cardiorespiratory Disorders
       2.5.5. Narcolepsy/Cataplexy
       2.5.6. Eye Movement Abnormalities
       2.5.7. Alterations of the Central Vestibular System (Metencephalon)

2.6. Associated Clinical Signs in Cerebellum

       2.6.2. Ataxia and Increase of Sustentation Base
       2.6.3. Dysmetria
       2.6.4. Tremors of Intention
       2.6.5. Nystagmus
       2.6.6. Deficiency or Absence of Threat Response
       2.6.7. Decerebellation Stiffness

2.7. Associated Clinical Signs in the Spinal Cord

       2.7.1. Spinal Cord Segment Injury C1-C5
       2.7.2. Spinal Cord Segment Injury C6-T2
       2.7.3. Spinal Cord Segment Injury T3-L3
       2.7.4. Spinal Cord Segment Injury L4-S3

2.8. Clinical Signs Associated with Neuropathies

       2.8.1. Common Clinical Signs
       2.8.2. Clinical Signs According to the Different Neuropathies

2.9. Clinical Signs Associated with Neuromuscular Junction

       2.9.1. Common Clinical Signs
       2.9.2. Clinical Signs According to the Different Neuropathies

2.10. Clinical Signs Associated with Myopathies

       2.10.1.  Common Clinical Signs
       2.10.2. Clinical Signs According to the Different Neuropathies

A structured and complete study that will go through all the points of interest you need to update your intervention in small animal neurology”