TECH offers you a unique specialty in veterinary internal medicine: small animal cardiology. Update your knowledge with the best professionals" 

Nowadays, first level veterinary centers have powerful echocardiography equipment, which allows three-dimensional models of the cardiac chambers to be made. In this way, more accurate and less invasive diagnoses can be obtained in patients suffering from mitral degenerative disease or myxomatous disease. 

These advances, therefore, are only the tip of the iceberg in the field of Veterinary Cardiology, which has evolved in recent years thanks to progress in the field of analysis and pharmacology used in the treatment of small animals. In view of these advances, TECH offers specialists a Hybrid Master's Degree that will provide them with an intensive update of their knowledge in this area. 

Thus, the professional will be able to carry out, over 12 months, an update on the approach to the patient with cardiological problems, the most effective techniques and the latest generation equipment used. This will be possible thanks to the advanced 100% online syllabus, which can be accessed whenever and wherever you want. The content is developed by an excellent teaching team specialized and experienced in cardiology. 

Once this theoretical phase has been completed, the professionals will undergo a 3-week practical immersion in a first-class clinical center, an environment where they will be able to see, first-hand, what daily work is like in an innovative space, the most effective procedures and methods currently in use. A unique opportunity to update your knowledge in an outstanding clinical facility and always surrounded by the best professionals. 

This academic institution thus offers an extraordinary opportunity to keep abreast of advances in this specialty, through a flexible university program that is perfectly adapted to the needs of veterinary professionals. 

Make the most of this opportunity to surround yourself with expert professionals and learn from their work methodology”

This Hybrid Master's Degree in Veterinary Cardiology in Small Animals contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include:

• Development of more than 100 clinical cases presented by nursing professionals with expertise in small animal veterinary cardiology
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Assessment and monitoring of patients with cardiac problems
• Comprehensive systematized action plans for the main pathologies in Veterinary Cardiology
• An algorithm-based interactive learning system for decision-making in the clinical situations presented throughout the course
• Practical clinical guides on approaching different pathologies 
• With a special emphasis on evidence-based medicine and research methodologies in Veterinary Cardiology
• All of this will be complemented by theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection
• In addition, you will be able to carry out a clinical internship in one of the best hospitals in the world

This university program will allow you to test the most precise and rigorous diagnostics used in a prestigious clinical center through the most innovative technology”

In this proposal for a Hybrid Master's Degree, of a professionalizing nature and blended learning modality, the program is aimed at updating veterinary professionals who perform their functions in clinical centers , and who require a high level of qualification. The contents are based on the latest scientific evidence, and oriented in a didactic way to integrate theoretical knowledge in veterinary practice and the theoretical-practical elements will facilitate the updating of knowledge and allow decision making in the management of patients with cardiac problems. 

Thanks to its multimedia content elaborated with the latest educational technology, they will allow the veterinary professional to obtain a situated and contextual learning, that is to say, a simulated environment that will provide an immersive learning programmed to train in real situations. This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this purpose, the students will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned experts.

This program will allow you to comfortably deepen your knowledge of the electrophysiological mechanisms that cause arrhythmias"

You will have access to a library of multimedia resources 24 hours a day, from any electronic device with an Internet connection"

The contents of this program have been developed by the different experts of this Hybrid Master's Degree. Its structure and practice plan make this program the most complete on the market today, as it covers all the relevant knowledge for the veterinarian to develop successfully in a highly sought-after specialty. The structure in ten modules allows a study classified by different knowledge related to animal cardiopathy, cardiovascular exploration or the complete study of the functioning of the electrocardiogram.

You will master cardiovascular examination thanks to the quality content of this TECH program”

Module 1. Cardiac Embryology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology

1.1. Cardiac and Vascular Embryology

1.1.1. Cardiac Embryology
1.1.2. Vascular Embryology

1.2. Cardiac and Vascular Anatomy and Histology

1.2.1. Cardiac Anatomy
1.2.2. Vascular Anatomy
1.2.3. Cardiac Histology
1.2.4. Vascular Histology

1.3. Normal Cardiovascular Physiology

1.3.1. Functions
1.3.2. Circulation Design
1.3.3. Contractibility

1.4. Normal Cardiovascular Physiology

1.4.1. Cardiac Cycle

1.5. Normal Cardiovascular Physiology

1.5.1. Blood Vessel Physiology
1.5.2. Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

1.6. Cardiac Physiopathology

1.6.1. Cardiovascular Regulation

1.7. Cardiac Physiopathology

1.7.1. Hemodynamic Concepts
1.7.2. Cardiac Output. What Does it Depend On?

1.8. Cardiac Physiopathology

1.8.1. Valvulopathies

1.9. Cardiac Physiopathology

1.9.1. Pericardium
1.9.2. Cardiomyopathies
1.9.3. Vascular Physiopathology

1.10. Cardiac Physiopathology

1.10.1. Pulmonary Edema

Module 2. Heart Failure Cardiac Pharmacology

2.1. Congestive Heart Failure

2.1.1. Definition
2.1.2. Pathophysiological Mechanisms
2.1.3. Pathophysiological Consequences

2.2. Dietary Hygiene Management. Communication With the Owner

2.2.1. Communication With the Owner
2.2.2. Feeding in the Cardiac Patient

2.3. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)

2.3.1. Mechanism of Action
2.3.2. Types
2.3.3. Indications
2.3.4. Posology
2.3.5. Side Effects
2.3.6. Contraindications

2.4. Pimobendan and Other Inotropics

2.4.1. Pimobedan

2.4.1.1. Mechanism of Action
2.4.1.2. Indications
2.4.1.3. Posology
2.4.1.4. Side Effects
2.4.1.5. Contraindications

2.4.2. Sympathomimetics

2.4.2.1. Mechanism of Action
2.4.2.2. Indications
2.4.2.3. Posology
2.4.2.4. Side Effects
2.4.2.5. Contraindications

2.4.3. Others

2.5. Diuretics

2.5.1. Mechanism of Action
2.5.2. Types
2.5.3. Indications
2.5.4. Posology
2.5.5. Side Effects
2.5.6. Contraindications

2.6. Antiarrhythmics (1) 

2.6.1. Preliminary Considerations
2.6.2. Classification of Antiarrhythmics
2.6.3. Class 1 Antiarrhythmics

2.7. Antiarrhythmics (2) 

2.7.1. Class 2 Antiarrhythmics
2.7.2. Class 3 Antiarrhythmics
2.7.3. Class 4 Antiarrhythmics

2.8. Antihypertensive Drugs

2.8.1. Venous
2.8.2. Arterials
2.8.3. Mixed
2.8.4. Pulmonary

2.9. Anticoagulants

2.9.1. Heparins
2.9.2. Clopidogre
2.9.3. IAAS
2.9.4. Others

2.10. Other Drugs Used in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

2.10.1. Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists II
2.10.2. Spironolactone (Fibrosis and Antiremodeling Study)
2.10.3. Carvedilol
2.10.4. Positive Chronotropics
2.10.5. Atropine (Atropine Test)
2.10.6. Taurine in CMD
2.10.7. Atenolol in Stenosis
2.10.8. Atenolol or Diltiazem in Obstructive HCM

Module 3. Anamnesis and Cardiovascular Examination

3.1. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Anamnesis

3.1.1. Epidemiology of Heart Disease
3.1.2. Medical History

3.1.2.1. General Symptoms
3.1.2.2. Specific Symptoms

3.2. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Examination

3.2.1. Respiratory Pattern
3.2.2. Exploration of the Head
3.2.3. Neck Exploration
3.2.4. Examination of the Thorax
3.2.5. Examination of the Abdomen
3.2.6. Other Explorations

3.3. Auscultation (I)

3.3.1. Physical Principles
3.3.2. Phonendoscope
3.3.3. Technique
3.3.4. Heart Sounds

3.4. Auscultation (II)

3.4.1. Murmurs
3.4.2. Pulmonary auscultation

3.5. Cough

3.5.1. Definition and Pathophysiological Mechanisms
3.5.2. Differential Diagnoses and Diagnostic Algorithm for Cough

3.6. Dyspnoea

3.6.1. Definition and Pathophysiological Mechanisms
3.6.2. Differential Diagnoses and Diagnostic Algorithm for Dyspnoea

3.7. Syncope

3.7.1. Definition and Pathophysiological Mechanisms
3.7.2. Differential Diagnoses and Diagnostic Algorithm for Syncope

3.8. Cyanosis

3.8.1. Definition and Pathophysiological Mechanisms
3.8.2. Differential Diagnoses and Diagnostic Algorithm for Syncope

3.9. Arterial and Central Pressure Venous Pressure

3.9.1. Arterial Pressure
3.9.2. Central Venous Pressure

3.10. Laboratory Tests and Cardiac Markers

3.10.1. Laboratory Tests in Heart Disease
3.10.2. Cardiac Biomarkers
3.10.3. Genetic Tests

Module 4. Complementary Tests. Diagnostic Imaging

4.1. Principles of Radiology

4.1.1. Physical Fundamentals of X-ray Production
4.1.2. X-ray Machine
4.1.3. Selection of MAS and KV 
4.1.4. Types of Radiology

4.2. Radiographic Technique in Thoracic Radiology

4.2.1. Radiographic Technique
4.2.2. Positioning

4.3. Thoracic Radiography (I)

4.3.1. Assessment of a Thoracic Radiography
4.3.2. Diseases of Extrathoracic Structures

4.4. Thoracic Radiology (II)

4.4.1. Tracheal Diseases
4.4.2. Mediastinal Diseases

4.5. Thoracic Radiology (III)

4.5.1. Diseases of the Pleura
4.5.2. Diseases of the Esophagus

4.6. Cardiac Silhouette (I)

4.6.1. Assessment of Normal Cardiac Silhouette
4.6.2. Size
4.6.3. Topography

4.7. Cardiac Silhouette (II)

4.7.1. Diseases Affecting the Heart
4.7.2. Diseases

4.8. Pulmonary Parenchyma (I)

4.8.1. Assessment of Normal Lung Parenchyma
4.8.2. Pulmonary Patterns (1) 

4.9. Pulmonary Parenchyma (II)

4.9.1. Pulmonary Patterns (2)
4.9.2. Radiologic Findings in Pulmonary Parenchymal Diseases

4.10. Other Tests

4.10.1. Pulmonary Ultrasound Scan
4.10.2. Bubble Study

Module 5. Complementary Tests. Electrocardiogram

5.1. Anatomy of the Conduction System and Action Potentials

5.1.1. Sinus Node and Supraventricular Conduction Pathways
5.1.2. Atrioventricular Node and Ventricular Conduction Pathways
5.1.3. Action Potential

5.1.3.1. Pacemaker Cells
5.1.3.2. Contractile Cells

5.2. Obtaining a High Quality Electrocardiographic Tracing

5.2.1. Limb Lead System
5.2.2. Precordial Lead System
5.2.3. Artifact Reduction

5.3. Sinus Rhythm

5.3.1. Typical Electrocardiographic Characteristics of Sinus Rhythm
5.3.2. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia
5.3.3. Non-respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia
5.3.4. Wandering Pacemaker
5.3.5. Sinus Tachycardia
5.3.6. Sinus Bradycardia
5.3.7. Intraventricular Conduction Blocks

5.4. Electrophysiological Mechanisms Causing Arrhythmias

5.4.1. Stimulus Formation Disorders

5.4.1.1. Altered Normal Automatism
5.4.1.2. Abnormal Automatism
5.4.1.3. Triggered Activity: Late Postpotentials
5.4.1.4. Triggered Activity: Early Pospotentials

5.4.2. Impulse Conduction Disorders

5.4.2.1. Anatomical Re-entry
5.4.2.2. Functional Re-entry

5.5. Supraventricular Arrhythmias (I)

5.5.1. Atrial Premature Complexes
5.5.2. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
5.5.3. Atrioventricular Junctional Tachycardia
5.5.4. Accessory Conduction Routes

5.6. Supraventricular Arrhythmias (II): Atrial Fibrillation

5.6.1. Anatomical and Functional Substrate
5.6.2. Hemodynamic Consequences
5.6.3. Treatment for Frequency Control
5.6.4. Treatment for Rythm Control

5.7. Ventricular Arrhythmias

5.7.1. Ventricular Premature Complexes
5.7.2. Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
5.7.3. Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
5.7.4. Idioventricular Rhythm

5.8. Bradyarrhythmias

5.8.1. Sick Sinus Disease
5.8.2. Atrioventricular Block
5.8.3. Atrial Silence

5.9. Holter

5.9.1. Holter Monitoring Indications
5.9.2. Equipment
5.9.3. Interpretation

5.10. Advanced Treatment Techniques

5.10.1. Pacemaker Implantation
5.10.2. Radiofrequency Ablation

Module 6. Complementary Tests. Echocardiography

6.1. Introduction. Ultrasound and Equipment

6.1.1. Ultrasound Physics
6.1.2. Equipment and Transducers
6.1.3. Doppler
6.1.4. Artifacts

6.2. Echocardiographic Examination

6.2.1. Patient Preparation and Positioning
6.2.2. 2D Two-dimensional Echocardiography

6.2.2.1. Echocardiographic Slicing
6.2.2.2. Two-dimensional Image Controls

6.2.3. M-Mode
6.2.4. Spectral Doppler
6.2.5. Color Doppler
6.2.6. Tissue Doppler

6.3. Measurements and Assessment of 2-D and M-mode Images

6.3.1. General Aspects
6.3.2. Left Ventricle and Mitral Valve
6.3.3. Left Atrium
6.3.4. Aorta
6.3.5. Right Ventricle and Tricuspid Valve
6.3.6. Right Atrium and Caval Veins
6.3.7. Pulmonary Trunk and Arteries
6.3.8. Pericardium

6.4. Doppler Measurements and Assessment

6.4.1. General Aspects

6.4.1.1. Alignment
6.4.1.2. Laminar and Turbulent Flow
6.4.1.3. Hemodynamic Information

6.4.2. Spectral Doppler: Aortic and Pulmonary Flow 
6.4.3. Spectral Doppler: Mitral and Tricuspid Inflow 
6.4.4. Spectral Doppler: Flow of the Pulmonary and Left Atrial Veins
6.4.5. Colour Doppler Assessment
6.4.6. Tissue Doppler Measurement and Assessment

6.5. Advanced Echocardiography

6.5.1. Tissue Doppler-Derived Techniques
6.5.2. Transesophageal Echocardiogram
6.5.3. 3-D Echocardiography

6.6. Hemodynamic Assessment I

6.6.1. Left Ventricular Systolic Function

6.6.1.1. M-Mode Analysis
6.6.1.2. Two-Dimensional Analysis
6.6.1.3. Spectral Doppler Analysis
6.6.1.4. Tissue Doppler Analysis

6.7. Hemodynamic Assessment II

6.7.1. Left Ventricular Diastolic Function

6.7.1.1. Types of Diastolic Dysfunction

6.7.2. Left Ventricular Filling Pressures
6.7.3. Right Ventricular Function

6.7.3.1. Radial Systolic Function
6.7.3.2. Longitudinal Systolic Function
6.7.3.3. Tissue Doppler

6.8. Hemodynamic Assessment III

6.8.1. Spectral Doppler

6.8.1.1. Pressure Gradients
6.8.1.2. Pressure Half Time
6.8.1.3. Regurgitation Volume and Fraction
6.8.1.4. Shunt Quota

6.8.2. M-Mode

6.9.2.1. Aorta
6.9.2.2. Mitral
6.9.2.3. Septum
6.9.2.4. Left Ventricular Free Wall

6.9. Hemodynamic Assessment IV

6.9.1. Color Doppler

6.9.1.1. Jet Size
6.9.1.2. PISA
6.9.1.3. Contracted Vein

6.9.2. Assessment of Mitral Regurgitation
6.9.3. Assessment of Tricuspid Regurgitation
6.9.4. Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation
6.9.5. Assessment of Pulmonary Regurgitation

6.10. Thoracic Ultrasound Scan 

6.10.1. Thoracic Ultrasound Scan

6.10.1.1. Spills
6.10.1.2. Masses
6.10.1.3. Pulmonary Parenchyma

6.10.2. Echocardiography in Exotic Animals

6.10.2.1. Rabbits
6.10.2.2. Ferrets
6.10.2.3. Rodents

6.10.3. Others

Module 7. Acquired Heart Diseases Chronic Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Disease Endocarditis Pericardial Alterations Cardiac Masses

7.1. Chronic Degenerative Valve Disease (I): Etiology

7.1.1. Valvular Anatomy
7.1.2. Etiology
7.1.3. Prevalence

7.2. Chronic Degenerative Valve Disease (II): Pathology

7.2.1. Pathophysiology
7.2.2. Staging and Classification

7.3. Chronic Degenerative Valve Disease (III): Diagnosis

7.3.1. History and Exploration
7.3.2. Radiology
7.3.3. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
7.3.4. Echocardiography
7.3.5. Biochemical Tests
7.3.6. Differential Diagnoses

7.4. Chronic Degenerative Valve Disease (IV): Echocardiographic Assessment

7.4.1. Valvular Anatomy

7.4.1.1. Appearance and Movement
7.4.1.2. Degenerative Lesions
7.4.1.3. Prolapses
7.4.1.4. Ruptured Chordae Tendineae

7.4.2. Dimensions and Functionality of the Left Ventricle
7.4.3. Quantification of Regurgitation
7.4.4. Echocardiographic Staging

7.4.4.1. Cardiac Remodeling
7.4.4.2. Regurgitation Flows and Fraction
7.4.4.3. Left Atrial Pressures
7.4.4.4. Pulmonary Hypertension

7.5. Chronic Degenerative Valve Disease (V): Progression and Decompensation Risk Analysis

7.5.1. Risk Factors for Progression
7.5.2. Decompense Prediction
7.5.3. Particularities in the Evolution of Tricuspid Pathology
7.5.4. Owner's Role
7.5.5. Periodicity of Revisions

7.6. Chronic Degenerative Valve Disease (VI): Therapy

7.6.1. Medical Treatment
7.6.2. Surgical treatment

7.7. Chronic Degenerative Valve Disease (VII): Complicating Factors

7.7.1. Arrhythmias
7.7.2. Pulmonary Hypertension
7.7.3. Systemic Arterial Hypertension
7.7.4. Renal Insufficiency
7.7.5. Atrial Rupture

7.8. Infectious Endocarditis

7.8.1. Aetiology and Pathophysiology of Bacterial Endocarditis
7.8.2. Diagnosis of Bacterial Endocarditis
7.8.3. Treatment of Bacterial Endocarditis

7.9. Pericardial Alterations

7.9.1. Pericardium Anatomy and Physiology
7.9.2. Pathophysiology of Pericardial Tamponade
7.9.3. Diagnosis of Pericardial Tamponade
7.9.4. Types of Pericardial Alterations

7.9.4.1. Hernias and Defects
7.9.4.2. Spills or Effusions (types and origins)
7.9.4.3. Masses
7.9.4.4. Constrictive Pricarditis

7.9.5. Pericardiocentesis and Action Protocol

7.10. Cardiac Masses

7.10.1. Aortic Base Tumors
7.10.2. Hemangiosarcoma
7.10.3. Mesothelioma
7.10.4. Intracavitary Tumors
7.10.5. Clots: Atrial Rupture

Module 8. Acquired Heart Diseases Cardiomyopathies

8.1. Primary Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy

8.1.1. Definition of Primary Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) and Histological Features
8.1.2. Echocardiographic Diagnosis of DCM
8.1.3. Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Occult DCM

8.1.3.1. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
8.1.3.2. Holter

8.1.4. RCM Therapy

8.1.4.1. Hidden Phase
8.1.4.2. Symptomatic Phase

8.2. Secondary Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy

8.2.1. Aetiological Diagnosis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) 
8.2.2. DCM Secondary to Nutritional Deficiencies
8.2.3. DCM Secondary to Other Causes

8.2.3.1. Endocrine Disorders
8.2.3.2. Toxins
8.2.3.3. Others

8.3. Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy (TICM)

8.3.1. Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of TICM

8.3.1.1. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
8.3.1.2. Holter

8.3.2. TICM Therapy

8.3.2.1. Pharmacotherapy
8.3.2.2. Radiofrequency Ablation

8.4. Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)

8.4.1. Definition of ARVC and Histological Features
8.4.2. Echocardiographic Diagnosis of ARVC
8.4.3. Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of ARVC

8.4.3.1. ECG
8.4.3.2. Holter
8.4.4. ARVC Therapy

8.5. Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) (I)

8.5.1. Definition of HCM and Histological Features
8.5.2. Echocardiographic Diagnosis of HCM Phenotype
8.5.3. Electrocardiographic Findings at HCM

8.6. Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) (II)

8.6.1. Aetiological Diagnosis of HCM
8.6.2. Hemodynamic Consequences of HCM
8.6.3. Staging of HCM
8.6.4. Prognostic Factors in HCM
8.6.5. HCM Therapy
8.6.5.1. Asymptomatic Phase
8.6.5.2. Symptomatic Phase

8.7. Other Feline Cardiomyopathies (I)

8.7.1. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM)

8.7.1.1. Histological Characteristics of RCM
8.7.1.2. Echocardiographic Diagnosis of RCM Phenotype
8.7.1.3. Electrocardiographic Findings in RCM
8.7.1.4. RCM Therapy

8.7.2. Feline Dilated Cardiomyopathy

8.7.2.1. Histological Features of Feline Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) 
8.7.2.2. Echocardiographic Diagnosis of the DCM Phenotype
8.7.2.3. Etiologic Diagnosis of Feline DCM

8.8. Other Feline Cardiomyopathies (II)

8.8.1. Feline Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DMC) (cont.) 

8.8.1.1. Therapy of Feline DCM

8.8.2. End-stage Cardiomyopathies

8.8.2.1. Echocardiographic Diagnosis
8.8.2.2. Therapy of End-Stage Cardiomyopathy

8.8.3.  Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

8.9. Myocarditis

8.9.1. Clinical Diagnosis of Myocarditis
8.9.2. Etiologic Diagnosis of Myocarditis
8.9.3. Non-etiologic Therapy of Myocarditis
8.9.4. Chagas Disease

8.10. Other Myocardial Alterations

8.10.1. Atrial Standstill
8.10.2. Fibroendoelastosis
8.10.3. Cardiomyopathy Associated with Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne)
8.10.4. Cardiomyopathy in Exotic Animals

Module 9. Congenital Heart Disease

9.1. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) (I)

9.1.1. Embryological Mechanisms that Give Rise to PDA
9.1.2. Anatomical Classification of PDA
9.1.3. Echocardiographic Diagnosis

9.2. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (II)

9.2.1. Pharmacotherapy
9.2.2. Interventional Therapy
9.2.3. Surgical Therapies

9.3. Pulmonary Stenosis (PS) (I)

9.3.1. Anatomical Classification of PS
9.3.2. Echocardiographic Diagnosis of PS
9.3.3. Pharmacotherapy

9.4. Pulmonary Stenosis (II)

9.4.1. Interventional Therapy
9.4.2. Surgical Therapies

9.5. Aortic Stenosis (AS) (I)

9.5.1. Anatomical Classification of AS
9.5.2. Echocardiographic Diagnosis of AS
9.5.3. Pharmacotherapy

9.6. Aortic Stenosis (II)

9.6.1. Interventional Therapy
9.6.2. Screening Program Results

9.7. Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD)

9.7.1. Anatomical Classification of VSD
9.7.2. Echocardiographic Diagnosis
9.7.3. Pharmacotherapy
9.7.4. Surgical Therapies
9.7.5. Interventional Therapy

9.8. Interatrial Septal Defects (ISD)

9.8.1. Anatomical Classification of ISD
9.8.2. Echocardiographic Diagnosis
9.8.3. Pharmacotherapy
9.8.4. Interventional Therapy

9.9. Atrioventricular Valve Dysplasia

9.9.1. Tricuspid Dysplasia
9.9.2. Mitral Dysplasia

9.10. Other Congenital Defects

9.10.1. Tetralogy of Fallot
9.10.2. Persistent Left Cranial Cava Vein
9.10.3. Double Chamber Right Ventricle
9.10.4. Aorto-Pulmonary Window
9.10.5. Persistent Right Fourth Aortic Arch
9.10.6. Cortriatrium Dexter and Cortriatrium Sinister
9.10.7. Common Atrioventricular Canal

Module 10. Pulmonary and Systemic Hypertension, Systemic Diseases with Cardiac Repercussions and Anesthesia in the Cardiac Patient

10.1. Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) (I)

10.1.1. Definition of PH
10.1.2. Echocardiographic Diagnosis of PH
10.1.3. HP Classification

10.2. Pulmonary Hypertension (II)

10.2.1. Additional Diagnostic Protocol in Animals Suspected of PH
10.2.2. PH Treatment

10.3. Systemic Hypertension (I)

10.3.1. Methods for Blood Pressure Measurement
10.3.2. Diagnosis of Hypertension
10.3.3. Pathophysiology of Systemic Hypertension
10.3.4. Assessment of Target Organ Damage
10.3.5. Hypertensive Cardiomyopathy

10.4. Systemic Hypertension (II)

10.4.1. Patient Selection for Hypertension Screening Programs
10.4.2. Treatment of Systemic Hypertension
10.4.3. Monitoring of Treatment and Additional Target Organ Damage

10.5. Filariasis

10.5.1. Etiological Agent
10.5.2. Diagnosis of Filarial Infection

10.5.2.1. Physical Methods
10.5.2.2. Serological Methods

10.5.3. Pathophysiology of Filarial Infestations

10.5.3.1. Dogs
10.5.3.2. Cats

10.5.4. Hallazgos ecocardiográficos
10.5.5. Treatment of Filariasis

10.5.5.1. Medical Treatment
10.5.5.2. Interventional Treatment

10.6. Endocrine Diseases Affecting the Heart (I)

10.6.1. Hyperthyroidism
10.6.2. Hypothyroidism
10.6.3. Hyperadrenocorticism
10.6.4. Hypoadrenocorticism

10.7. Endocrine Diseases Affecting the Heart (II)

10.7.1. Diabetes
10.7.2. Acromegaly
10.7.3. Hyperaldosteronism
10.7.4. Hyperparathyroidism

10.8. Other Systemic Alterations Affecting the Cardiovascular System (I)

10.8.1. Pheochromocytoma
10.8.2. Anaemia
10.8.3. Uremia
10.8.4. Toxics and Chemotherapeutics
10.8.5. Shock

10.9. Other Systemic Alterations Affecting the Cardiovascular System (II)

10.9.1. Gastric Dilatation/Torsion
10.9.2. Splenic Splenitis/Neoplasia
10.9.3. Hypercoagulable State and Thrombosis
10.9.4. Conditions Causing Hypo- or Hypercalcemia
10.9.5. Conditions Causing Hypo- or Hyperkalemia
10.9.6. Conditions Causing Hypo- or Hypermagnesemia

10.10. Anesthesia in Cardiac Patients

10.10.1. Pre-Surgery Evaluation
10.10.2. Hemodynamic and Surgical Factors Involved in the Choice of Hypnotics
10.10.3. Anesthetic Monitoring

The teaching materials of this program, elaborated by these specialists, have contents that are completely applicable to your professional experiences”