It delves into the most urgent issues in Oncology Nursing for pediatric, adult and elderly patients, with modules dedicated to the most current nursing approach”

The responsibilities of the oncology nurse are increasing. With the inexorable increase in the number of oncology patients, it falls to the nursing professional to provide appropriate counseling. It is also vitally important to have a follow-up structure or organization for each case, recognizing emergency situations or treatment complications that must be addressed early on. 

These increasingly demanding challenges are, in turn, an ideal opportunity to vindicate the essential role of the oncology nurse in all processes. Its advanced knowledge of a multitude of clinical manifestations, which is fundamental to tackle possible complications, as well as its essential role in the post-surgical care of oncology patients, means that it is also required to have a high level of gradual and periodic updating. 

In order to provide the Oncology Nursing professional with the latest advances in the field, TECH has developed this comprehensive program. It combines theory and the most relevant research in the field of Oncology with a first class practical stay in a prestigious hospital center. The entire program has, therefore, an eminently practical approach, aimed directly at the daily work of the oncology nurse and with the latest developments in topics such as nutrition in cancer prevention, ICT and apps applied to oncology or early detection programs. 

In addition, TECH's teaching methodology is 100% online, which allows total flexibility to combine the program with all kinds of professional or personal responsibilities. There are no fixed schedules or face-to-face classes, and the nurse decides when, where and how to assume the entire teaching load. In addition, all the content provided is downloadable from any device with internet connection, so it is still useful even after finishing the theoretical part as a quality reference material in daily practice. 

Likewise, the practical stay will be guided at all times by a specific tutor with high competences in Oncology Nursing. This provides the nurse with the opportunity to apply the updated knowledge and techniques in a real environment, where to contextualize all the theoretical information acquired. 

Put into practice all the advances acquired in the Hybrid Master's Degree in Oncology Nursing in a highly prestigious center, surrounded by professionals committed to keeping you up to date”

This Hybrid Master's Degree in Oncology Nursing contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include:

• The development of more than 100 clinical cases presented by nursing professionals with extensive experience in the treatment and approach to all types of oncology patients
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Treatment of all types of cancers, with a comprehensive care plan developed that includes the latest therapies and scientific evidence
• Innovative procedures to confirm or rule out cancer diagnosis in the shortest time possible 
• State-of-the-art equipment with high-precision radiotherapy treatments, more effective, personalized and with fewer side effects
• All of this will be complemented by theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection 
• In addition, you will be able to carry out a clinical internship in one of the best hospitals in the world

Get up to date in the areas of Oncology Nursing with the most advances and research in recent years, with 10 extensive modules enriched with high quality multimedia content” 

In this Master's Degree proposal, of a professionalizing nature and hybrid modality, the program is aimed at updating Nursing professionals specialized in the area of Oncology. The content is based on the latest scientific evidence and is organized in a didactic way to integrate theoretical knowledge into nursing practice. The theoretical-practical elements allow professionals to update their knowledge and help them to make the right decisions in patient care. 

Thanks to the multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, nursing professionals will benefit from situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive learning programmed to train in real situations. This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the physician must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the course. For this purpose, the student will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned experts. 

Incorporate the latest theoretical and pathophysiological fundamentals on pediatric, adult and elderly oncology patients into your daily practice"

It combines the latest oncology theory and research with your own practical application in real clinical settings, gaining a much greater understanding of all topics covered"

The entire syllabus has been written following TECH's pedagogical methodology, based on Relearning, which greatly relieves the teaching load. The most important oncological concepts, keys and approaches are reiterated throughout the program, thus saving the nurse many hours of study. In addition, each topic is accompanied by a good compendium of multimedia resources, self-knowledge exercises, complementary readings and detailed videos that consolidate all that has been studied. 

The virtual classroom will be available 24 hours a day, and can be accessed from any device with an internet connection" 

Module 1. Introduction to Oncology. Oncology Nursing

1.1. Oncology and Oncology Nursing

1.1.1. Introduction to Oncology Nursing
1.1.2. Cancer Definition
1.1.3. Essential Histological Concepts

1.2. Etiopathogenesis and Biology of Cancer

1.2.1. Etiopathogenic Theories

1.2.1.1. Viral Theory
1.2.1.2. Oncogene Theory
1.2.1.3. Suppressor Genes Theory
1.2.1.4. Gene Theory
1.2.1.5. Inflammatory Theory

1.2.2. Biology of Cancer

1.2.2.1. Concepts in Cell Biology
1.2.2.2. Mechanisms of Malignant Transformation

1.3. Carcinogenesis

1.3.1. Genetic Alterations

1.3.1.1. Proto-Oncogenes
1.3.1.2. Tumor Repair Genes
1.3.1.3. DNA Repair Genes

1.3.2. Epigenetic Alterations
1.3.3. Carcinogenic Agents

1.4. Classification and Nomenclature of Tumors

1.4.1. Benign Tumors
1.4.2. Malignant tumours

1.5. Tumor Progression Staging

1.5.1. Tumor Dissemination Routes
1.5.2. Staging

1.5.2.1. Depending on the Size
1.5.2.2. Depending on the Level of Differentiation

1.6. Risk Factors

1.6.1. Genetic Factors
1.6.2. Hormonal Factors
1.6.3. Radiation
1.6.4. Tobacco
1.6.5. Alcohol
1.6.6. Diet
1.6.7. Drugs:
1.6.8. Physical Agents
1.6.9. Chemical Agents
1.6.10. Biological Agents
1.6.11. Occupational Exposure

1.7. Epidemiology of Cancer

1.7.1. Cancer Epidemiology Worldwide
1.7.2. Cancer Epidemiology in Spain

1.7.2.1. Incidence
1.7.2.2. Prevalence
1.7.2.3. Mortality
1.7.2.4. Survival

1.8. Cancer Prevention

1.8.1. Types of Prevention
1.8.2. Primary prevention

1.8.2.1. Intervention Against Smoking
1.8.2.2. Intervention Against Alcohol Consumption
1.8.2.3. Promotion of Healthy Diet

1.8.3. Secondary prevention
1.8.4. Tertiary prevention
1.8.5. Quaternary Prevention

1.9. Early Detection Programs

1.9.1. Colorectal Cancer Early Detection Program
1.9.2. Breast Cancer Early Detection Program
1.9.3. Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program

1.10. Global Assessment the Oncologic Patient

1.10.1. Tumor Markers
1.10.2. Imaging Tests
1.10.3. Neurological Assessment Scales

1.10.3.1. Quality of Life Rating Scales

1.10.3.1.1. Symptom Assessment
1.10.3.1.2. Functional Assessment
1.10.3.1.3. Quality of life Assessment

Module 2. Types of Tumors

2.1. Hematological Tumors

2.1.1. Lymphoma
2.1.2. Leukemia
2.1.3. Myeloproliferative Syndromes
2.1.4. Myelodysplastic Syndromes
2.1.5. Plasma Cell Tumors

2.2. Osteomuscular Tumors

2.2.1. Osteosarcoma
2.2.2. Chondrosarcoma
2.2.3. Ewing Sarcoma
2.2.4. Soft Tissue Sarcomas

2.3. Tumors of the Digestive System

2.3.1. Oesophageal Cancer
2.3.2. Gastric Cancer
2.3.3. Colorectal Cancer
2.3.4. Carcinoma of the Anus
2.3.5. Other Intestinal Tumors
2.3.6. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
2.3.7. Cholangiocarcinoma
2.3.8. Gallbladder Carcinoma
2.3.9. Pancreatic Cancer

2.4. Nervous System Tumours

2.4.1. Astrocytoma
2.4.2. Oligodendroglioma
2.4.3. Glioblastoma
2.4.4. Meningioma
2.4.5. Neurinoma
2.4.6. Schwannoma

2.5. Genitourinary Tumors

2.5.1. Renal Carcinoma
2.5.2. Urothelial Carcinoma
2.5.3. Vesical Carcinoma
2.5.4. Prostate Carcinoma
2.5.5. Endometrial Cancer
2.5.6. Ovarian Cancer
2.5.7. Cervical Cancer
2.5.8. Vulvar Cancer
2.5.9. Testicular Cancer
2.5.10. Penile Cancer

2.6. Endocrine Tumors

2.6.1. Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancer
2.6.2. Adrenal Carcinoma
2.6.3. Neuroendocrine Tumors
2.6.4. Gastric Carcinoid Tumour
2.6.5. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes

2.7. Head and Neck Tumors

2.7.1. Pituitary Tumors
2.7.2. Oral Cavity Cancer
2.7.3. Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Cancer
2.7.4. Paranasal Sinus Cancer
2.7.5. Cancer of Salivary Glands
2.7.6. Laryngeal Cancer

2.8. Dermatological Tumors

2.8.1. Melanoma
2.8.2. Basal Cell Carcinoma
2.8.3. Squamous cell carcinoma

2.9. Breast Cancer

2.9.1. Histological Subtypes
2.9.2. Molecular Subtypes

2.10. Thoracic Tumors

2.10.1. Lung Cancer
2.10.2. Thymoma
2.10.3. Pleural Mesothelioma

Module 3. Oncological Treatments

3.1. Types of Treatment

3.1.1. Neoadjuvant Therapy
3.1.2. Adjuvant Treatment
3.1.3. Palliative treatment
3.1.4. Targeted Therapy

3.2. Surgical Oncology

3.2.1. Essential Concepts
3.2.2. Preoperative Assessment
3.2.3. Surgical Techniques in the Main Tumors
3.2.4. Surgical Emergencies

3.3. Chemotherapy Treatment

3.3.1. Chemotherapy Fundamentals
3.3.2. Chemotherapy Types

3.3.2.1. Alkylating Agents
3.3.2.2. Platinum Compounds
3.3.2.3. Alkaloids of Plant Origin
3.3.2.4. Antimetabolites
3.3.2.5. Topoisomerase Inhibitors
3.3.2.6. Antitumor Antibiotics
3.3.2.7. Other agents

3.3.3. Types of Response

3.4. Side Effects of Chemotherapy

3.4.1. Digestive Toxicity
3.4.2. Cutaneous Toxicity
3.4.3. Hematological Toxicity
3.4.4. Cardiovascular Toxicity
3.4.5. Neurological Toxicity
3.4.6. Other Side Effects

3.5. Radiotherapy Treatment

3.5.1. Types of Radiotherapy
3.5.2. Indications

3.6. Side Effects of Radiotherapy

3.6.1. Head and Neck Radiotherapy
3.6.2. Thoracic Radiotherapy
3.6.3. Abdominal and Pelvic Radiotherapy

3.7. Interventional Radiology Techniques

3.7.1. Radiofrequency
3.7.2. Chemoembolization
3.7.3. Radioembolization
3.7.4. Others

3.8. Hormonal Treatment

3.8.1. Antiestrogens
3.8.2. Progestogens
3.8.3. Aromatase Inhibitors
3.8.4. Estrogens
3.8.5. Antiandrógenos
3.8.6. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonists

3.9. Biological Treatments

3.9.1. Monoclonal Antibodies
3.9.2. Kinase Inhibitors
3.9.3. mTOR Inhibitors
3.9.4. Immunoregulatory Cytokines

3.10. Transplants

3.10.1. Solid Organ Transplant
3.10.2. Bone Marrow Transplant
3.10.3. Peripheral Blood Transplant
3.10.4. Umbilical Cord Transplant

Module 4. Nursing role in the administration of chemotherapy treatment

4.1. Reception and Storage of Cytostatic Products

4.1.1. Reception
4.1.2. Storage

4.2. Cytostatic Product Validation

4.2.1. Pharmaceutical Validation
4.2.2. Worksheet
4.2.3. Label
4.2.4. Stability and Compatibility

4.3. Cytostatic Product Preparation

4.3.1. Workspace

4.3.1.1. Biological Safety Cabin
4.3.1.2. Laboratory Isolators
4.3.1.3. Work Area Standards
4.3.1.4. Cleaning Standards
4.3.1.5. Workplace Contamination
4.3.1.6. Spills
4.3.1.7. Accidental Exposures

4.4. Administration

4.4.1. Administrator Protection
4.4.2. Environmental Protection
4.4.3. Error Prevention
4.4.4. Venous Accesses
4.4.5. Administration Techniques

4.5. Routes of Administration of Chemotherapy

4.5.1. Definition
4.5.2. Oral Chemotherapy
4.5.3. Peripheral Venous Catheters

4.5.3.1. Selection Criteria
4.5.3.2. Type of Material
4.5.3.3. Insertion Sites
4.5.3.4. Placement Techniques
4.5.3.5. Nursing Care

4.5.4. Central Venous Catheter with Reservoir

4.5.4.1. Selection Criteria
4.5.4.2. Type of Material
4.5.4.3. Insertion Sites
4.5.4.4. Placement Techniques
4.5.4.5. Nursing Care

4.5.5. Percutaneous Insertion of Central Venous Catheter

4.5.5.1. Selection Criteria
4.5.5.2. Type of Material
4.5.5.3. Insertion Sites
4.5.5.4. Placement Techniques
4.5.5.5. Nursing Care

4.5.6. Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter

4.5.6.1. Selection Criteria
4.5.6.2. Type of Material
4.5.6.3. Insertion Sites
4.5.6.4. Placement Techniques
4.5.6.5. Nursing Care

4.5.7. Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy

4.5.7.1. Selection Criteria
4.5.7.2. Administration Techniques
4.5.7.3. Nursing Care

4.6. Complications of Venous Access

4.6.1. Introduction
4.6.2. Complicaciones tempranas

4.6.2.1. Infections
4.6.2.2. Pneumothorax
4.6.2.3. Catheter placement
4.6.2.4. Catheter Malposition and Extravasation
4.6.2.5. Arrhythmias
4.6.2.6. Migration or Dislocation of the Catheter
4.6.2.7. Catheter Fracture and Embolism
4.6.2.8. Catheter Occlusion or Obstruction

4.6.3. Late Complications

4.6.3.1. Catheter Fracture
4.6.3.2. Thrombosis
4.6.3.3. Skin Necrosis Around the Device

4.7. Phlebitis Management

4.7.1. Definition
4.7.2. Causes
4.7.3. Signs and Symptoms
4.7.4. Classification
4.7.5. Risk Factors
4.7.6. How to prevent phlebitis?
4.7.7. Nursing Care

4.8. Extravasation Management

4.8.1. Definition
4.8.2. Extravasation Related Factors
4.8.3. How to prevent extravasation?
4.8.4. Cytostatic Classification According to Extravasation Effects
4.8.5. Extravasation Manifestations Depending on the Cytostatic
4.8.6. General Treatment
4.8.7. Specific Treatment
4.8.8. Surgical Management
4.8.9. Nursing Care

4.9. Exposure Risks During Administration

4.9.1. Affected Personnel
4.9.2. Penetration Routes
4.9.3. Genetic Risks

4.10. Treatment of Cytostatic Waste and Excreta

4.10.1. Treating Excreta

4.10.1.1. Urine
4.10.1.2. Feces
4.10.1.3. Sweat
4.10.1.4. Trace

4.10.2. Cytostatic Waste Treatment

4.10.2.1. Regulations
4.10.2.2. Types of Waste
4.10.2.3. Necessary Material
4.10.2.4. Required Material
4.10.2.5. Elimination

Module 5. Clinical manifestations and emergencies in the oncologic patient

5.1. Introduction to Semiology in the Oncologic Patient

5.1.1. Nurse Assessment of the Oncologic Patient
5.1.2. NANDA-NOC-NIC Care Plan

5.2. Respiratory Manifestations

5.2.1. Dyspnoea
5.2.2. Cough
5.2.3. Hiccup
5.2.4. Hemoptysis
5.2.5. Neoplastic Pleural Effusion

5.3. Digestive System Manifestations

5.3.1. Dry Mouth
5.3.2. Nausea and Vomiting
5.3.3. Constipation. Fecaloma
5.3.4. Diarrhea
5.3.5. Gastric Crush Syndrome
5.3.6. Dysphagia
5.3.7. Sialorrhea
5.3.8. Intestinal Obstruction
5.3.9. Neoplastic Ascites

5.4. Urinary Manifestations

5.4.1. Bladder Spasm
5.4.2. Urinary Incontinence
5.4.3. Vesical Tenesmus
5.4.4. Dysuria
5.4.5. Hematuria

5.5. Psychological Manifestations

5.5.1. Acute Confusional Syndrome
5.5.2. Anxiety
5.5.3. Depression
5.5.4. Insomnia

5.6. Nervous System Manifestations

5.6.1. Seizures
5.6.2. Spinal Cord Compression
5.6.3. Intracranial Hypertension
5.6.4. Muscle Spasms
5.6.5. Metabolic Encephalopathy

5.7. Hematologic and Circulatory Manifestations

5.7.1. Hemorrhages
5.7.2. Anaemia
5.7.3. Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
5.7.4. Neoplastic Pericardial Effusion

5.8. Miscellaneous: Systemic Symptoms and Constitutional Syndrome

5.8.1. Asthenia
5.8.2. Anorexia. Cachexia
5.8.3. Diaphoresis
5.8.4. Neoplastic Lymphedema
5.8.5. Tumor Ulcers
5.8.6. Pruritus
5.8.7. Neoplastic Fever

5.9. Basis of Pain in Oncologic Patients

5.9.1. Anatomophysiology
5.9.2. Etiology
5.9.3. Subjective Assessment
5.9.4. Objective Assessment
5.9.5. Measuring Tools

5.10. Analgesic Treatment Importance

5.10.1. Analgesic Treatment Myths
5.10.2. Analgesia Modalities

Module 6. Nursing Approach to Nutrition and Post-Surgical Care of the Oncology Patient

6.1. Nutrition in cancer prevention

6.1.1. Dietary Carcinogenesis
6.1.2. Food and Nutrients
6.1.3. Risk Factors and Protective Elements
6.1.4. Lifestyle

6.2. General Principles of Malnutrition in Oncology Patients

6.2.1. Epidemiology of Malnutrition
6.2.2. Pathophysiology
6.2.3. Types of Malnutrition
6.2.4. Causes of Malnutrition in Oncology Patients

6.2.4.1. Tumor-Related
6.2.4.2. Patient-Related
6.2.4.3. Treatment-Related

6.2.5. Clinical Manifestations of Malnutrition

6.2.5.1. Tumor Cachexia
6.2.5.2. Sarcopenia

6.3. Assessment of Nutritional Status

6.3.1. Clinical Record and Subjective Nutritional Assessment
6.3.2. Screening Tests

6.3.2.1. Malnutrition Screening Tool
6.3.2.2. Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment

6.3.3. Anthropometric Measurements
6.3.4. Biochemical Measurements

6.4. Nutritional and Pharmacological Approach

6.4.1. General Recommendations
6.4.2. Recommendations in Altered Intake Situations

6.4.2.1. Anorexia
6.4.2.2. Nausea and Vomiting
6.4.2.3. Dysphagia
6.4.2.4. Dysgeusia
6.4.2.5. Oral Mucositis
6.4.2.6. Xerostomia
6.4.2.7. Dysphagia to Liquids and Solids

6.4.3. Nutritional Supplements
6.4.4. Pharmacotherapy

6.5. Enteral Nutrition

6.5.1. Indications
6.5.2. Access Routes
6.5.3. Enteral Nutrition Formulas
6.5.4. Complications

6.6. Parenteral Nutrition

6.6.1. Indications
6.6.2. Access Routes
6.6.3. Types of Parenteral Nutrition
6.6.4. Nutritional Requirements
6.6.5. Complications

6.7. End-Of-Life Nutrition

6.7.1. Nutritional Intervention
6.7.2. Assisted Nutrition and Hydration
6.7.3. Ethical, Cultural and Religious Aspects

6.8. Post-Surgical Care After Thoracic Surgery

6.8.1. Pulmonary Rehabilitation
6.8.2. Respiratory Physiotherapy

6.9. Care of Ostomized Patients

6.9.1. General Concepts
6.9.2. Ostomies Classification

6.9.2.1. Digestive Ostomies

6.9.2.1.1. Digestive Ostomy Types
6.9.2.1.2. Hygiene and Care
6.9.2.1.3. Diet
6.9.2.1.4. Psychological Aspects
6.9.2.1.5. Complications

6.9.2.2. Urinary Ostomies

6.9.2.2.1. Types of Urinary Ostomy
6.9.2.2.2. Hygiene and Care

6.9.2.3. Ostomías respiratorias

6.9.2.3.1. Types of Respiratory Ostomy
6.9.2.3.2. Hygiene and Care

6.10. Post-Surgical Care After Breast Tumor Surgery

6.10.1. Breast Cancer Surgery

6.10.1.1. Psychological Impact

6.10.2. Lymphedema

6.10.2.1. Classification
6.10.2.2. Epidemiology
6.10.2.3. Etiology
6.10.2.4. Clinical Manifestations
6.10.2.5. Diagnosis
6.10.2.6. Nursing Care

Module 7. Nursing care in the palliative and terminal patient

7.1. Principles and Organization of Palliative Care

7.1.1. Palliative Care Definition

7.1.1.1. Palliative Care Objectives
7.1.1.2. Principles of Palliative Care

7.1.2. History of Palliative Care
7.1.3. Quality of Life

7.2. Legislation and Ethical Aspects Related to Palliative Care

7.2.1. State Legislation
7.2.2. Rights and Responsibilities of the Patients
7.2.3. Quaternary Prevention
7.2.4. Informed Consent

7.3. Main signs and symptoms in terminal patients

7.3.1. Digestive Manifestations

7.3.1.1. Anorexia
7.3.1.2. Constipation
7.3.1.3. Nausea and Vomiting
7.3.1.4. Cachexia
7.3.1.5. Dryness and Mouth Lesions

7.3.2. Respiratory Manifestations

7.3.2.1. Dyspnoea
7.3.2.2. Cough
7.3.2.3. Hiccup
7.3.2.4. Premortem Sterns

7.3.3. Neuropsychological Manifestations

7.3.3.1. Tiredness and Fatigue
7.3.3.2. Insomnia
7.3.3.3. Depression
7.3.3.4. Delirium

7.3.4. Genitourinary Manifestations

7.3.4.1. Urinary Retention

7.3.5. Pain
7.3.6. Fever and Dysthermia
7.3.7. Emergencies in the Terminally ill Patient

7.3.7.1. Massive Hemorrhage
7.3.7.2. Seizures
7.3.7.3. Acute Respiratory Depression

7.4. Nursing Care

7.4.1. Virginia Henderson Needs Model

7.4.1.1. Need 1: Breathing
7.4.1.2. Need 2: Food/Hydration
7.4.1.3. Need 3: Elimination
7.4.1.4. Need 4: Mobilization
7.4.1.5. Need 5: Rest/Sleep
7.4.1.6. Need 6: Getting Dressed
7.4.1.7. Need 7: Temperature
7.4.1.8. Need 8: Hygiene/Skin
7.4.1.9. Need 9: Safety
7.4.1.10. Need 10: Communication
7.4.1.11. Need 11: Religion/Beliefs
7.4.1.12. Need 12: Development
7.4.1.13. Need 13: Recreational/Leisure Activities
7.4.1.14. Need 14: Learn/Discover

7.5. End of Life

7.5.1. Last Days
7.5.2. Agony

7.5.2.1. Agony Situation Characteristics
7.5.2.2. Care of the Dying

7.5.3. Spiritual Care
7.5.4. Sedation

7.5.4.1. Refractory Symptoms
7.5.4.2. Sedation Types
7.5.4.3. Drugs Used
7.5.4.4. Ethical Considerations

7.6. Palliative Care and Comprehensive Care of Oncology Patient

7.6.1. Multidisciplinary Team Role
7.6.2. Care Models
7.6.3. Family Care

7.6.3.1. Family Symptoms in the Care of the Terminally Ill Patient
7.6.3.2. Psychosocial Care

7.7. Palliative Home Care

7.7.1. Background
7.7.2. Home Care Process
7.7.3. Dying at Home

7.8. Grief

7.8.1. Definition
7.8.2. Stages of Grief
7.8.3. Manifestations of Grief
7.8.4. Types of Grief

7.8.4.1. Uncomplicated Grief
7.8.4.2. Pathological Grief
7.8.4.3. Anticipatory Grief
7.8.4.4. Non-Complicated or Prolonged Grief

7.8.5. Grief Completion
7.8.6. Nursing Interventions in Grief
7.8.7. Grief Management

7.9. Palliative Care Bioethics

7.9.1. Bioethics
7.9.2. Human Dignity
7.9.3. Quality of Life
7.9.4. Ethical and Bioethical Issues at the End of Life

7.10. Nursing Care Process (NCP) at the End of Life

7.10.1. Comprehensive Nursing Assessment
7.10.2. Need for NCP in Palliative Patients
7.10.3. Nursing Diagnosis (NANDA)
7.10.4. Nursing Outcomes (NOC)
7.10.5. Nursing Interventions (NIC)

Module 8. Communication and Psychosocial Approach to the Oncology Patient in Nursing

8.1. Communication in Oncology

8.1.1. The Role of Communication in Oncology
8.1.2. Somatic-Psychological Interaction
8.1.3. Bioethical Support
8.1.4. Counseling

8.1.4.1. Knowledge
8.1.4.2. Attitudes
8.1.4.3. Relational Strategies

8.2. Denial Management Adaptive and Maladaptive Denial

8.2.1. Causes of Denial
8.2.2. Nursing Professional Objectives
8.2.3. Denial Management

8.2.3.1. Factors Involved
8.2.3.2. Nursing Interventions

8.3. Communicating Bad News

8.3.1. How to Deliver Bad News
8.3.2. Nursing Professional Objectives
8.3.3. Factors Involved
8.3.4. Bad News Delivery Strategies

8.4. Decision Making

8.4.1. From Communication to Deliberation
8.4.2. Difficulty in Decision-Making
8.4.3. Nursing Professional Objectives
8.4.4. Factors Involved
8.4.5. Deliberative Process
8.4.6. Criteria for Assessing Decision-Making Capacity
8.4.7. Problems in Decision-Making Capacity Nursing Approach

8.5. Conspiracy of Silence

8.5.1. The Conspiracy of Silence
8.5.2. Causes of The Conspiracy of Silence
8.5.3. Factors Involved
8.5.4. Nursing Approach

8.6. Aggressiveness Management

8.6.1. Oncologic Patient Aggressiveness
8.6.2. Causes of Hostile Reactions
8.6.3. Nursing Professional Objectives
8.6.4. Factors Involved
8.6.5. Aggressive Patient Management

8.7. Therapeutic Effort Limitation

8.7.1. The Therapeutic Effort Limitation
8.7.2. Need to Limit Therapeutic Effort
8.7.3. Nursing Professional Objectives
8.7.4. Factors Involved
8.7.5. Approach and Intervention

8.8. Family Claudication

8.8.1. Familiar Claudication Prevention
8.8.2. Claudication Causes
8.8.3. Nursing Professional Objectives
8.8.4. Factors Involved
8.8.5. Approach and Intervention With Regards To Family Claudication

8.9. Prevention of Complicated Family Grief

8.9.1. Complicated Family Grief
8.9.2. Causes of Problems in the Grieving Process

8.9.2.1. Personal Factors
8.9.2.2. Situational factors
8.9.2.3. Interpersonal Factors

8.9.3. Nursing Professional Objectives
8.9.4. Factors Involved
8.9.5. Approach

8.9.5.1. During Illness
8.9.5.2. At the Time of Death

8.10. Advance Directives

8.10.1. Advance Planning of Health Care Decisions
8.10.2. Need for Advance Directives
8.10.3. Nursing Professional Objectives
8.10.4. Factors Involved
8.10.5. Approach
8.10.6. Specific Considerations

Module 9. Oncology Nursing in the Pediatric and Elderly Patient

9.1. General Context of Pediatric Oncology

9.1.1. Epidemiology of Pediatric Cancer
9.1.2. Most Frequent Tumors in Pediatric Age

9.1.2.1. Leukemia Types
9.1.2.2. Lymphoma
9.1.2.3. Brain Tumors
9.1.2.4. Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
9.1.2.5. Neuroblastoma
9.1.2.6. Rhabdomyosarcoma
9.1.2.7. Bone Tumors

9.2. Main Treatments in the Pediatric Patient

9.2.1. Surgery
9.2.2. Chemotherapy
9.2.3. Radiotherapy
9.2.4. Hematopoietic Progenitor Transplantation
9.2.5. Side effects

9.3. Child and Family Focused Care

9.3.1. Quality of Life
9.3.2. Family Role
9.3.3. Emotional Impact
9.3.4. Nurse Assessment and Management

9.4. Pediatric Patient Nutrition

9.4.1. General Aspects
9.4.2. Malnutrition Consequences
9.4.3. Assessment
9.4.4. Nutritional Support

9.5. Psychological Care in Pediatric Oncology Patients

9.5.1. Emotional Support During Diagnosis
9.5.2. Emotional Support During Treatment
9.5.3. Emotional Support after the End of Treatment

9.6. Palliative Care for Pediatric Patients

9.6.1. Most Frequents Symptoms
9.6.2. Symptom Control Pain Management
9.6.3. Palliative Sedation
9.6.4. Coping with Death
9.6.5. Spirituality
9.6.6. Grief

9.7. General Context of Oncogeriatrics

9.7.1. Cancer Epidemiology in the Elderly Population
9.7.2. Specific Characteristics of the Elderly Cancer Patient

9.7.2.1. Physiological Aging
9.7.2.2. Polypharmacy
9.7.2.3. Associated Pathology

9.8. Particularities of Oncologic Treatment in the Elderly Patient

9.8.1. Chemotherapy
9.8.2. Radiotherapy
9.8.3. Surgery
9.8.4. Hormone Therapy

9.9. Comprehensive Assessment in Elderly Oncologic Patients

9.9.1. Geriatric Assessment Methodology
9.9.2. Frailty Screening

9.10. Oncologic Pain in the Elderly Patient

9.10.1. Features
9.10.2. Assessment
9.10.3. Pharmacological and Non Pharmacological Treatment

Module 10. Oncology Nursing Research

10.1. Research Bases in Health Sciences

10.1.1. The Scientific Method. Structure
10.1.2. Quantitative and Qualitative Research Designs
10.1.3. Variables Definition Sampling
10.1.4. Data Analysis
10.1.5. Presentation of Results

10.2. Oncology Applied Research

10.2.1. Background
10.2.2. Current Overview

10.3. Oncology Research Areas

10.3.1. Surgical Oncology
10.3.2. Radiotherapy oncology
10.3.3. Medical oncology

10.4. Oncology Translational Research

10.4.1. Basic and Clinical Research
10.4.2. Translational Research as a Roadmap

10.5. Nursing Oncology Research Areas

10.5.1. Nursing Care Research
10.5.2. Research on Oncology Patient Problems
10.5.3. Research in Activities Derived from Other Disciplines
10.5.4. Resource Management and Leadership

10.6. Challenges for the Future of Oncology Nursing Research

10.6.1. History of Nursing Research
10.6.2. Nursing Research Difficulties
10.6.3. Future Outlook

10.7. Guidelines for Junior Researchers

10.7.1. Research Project Design
10.7.2. Main Groups and Research Lines
10.7.3. Resources for junior researchers
10.7.4. Financing Means

10.8. Evidence-Based Nursing

10.8.1. Evidence-Based Practices in Oncology

10.9. Critical Reading of Scientific Literature

10.9.1. Principles of Critical Reading
10.9.2. Models of Critical Reading

10.10. Research: ICT and Apps Applied to Oncology

10.10.1. Use and Communication between Professionals
10.10.2. Patient Outreach

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