A comprehensive and 100% online program, exclusive to TECH, with an international perspective supported by our membership with The Chartered Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences”

High Performance in Sports requires meticulous preparation and a deep understanding of the sciences applied to training. In this regard, optimizing athletic performance depends not only on talent or discipline but also on the application of evidence-based methodologies. Therefore, the constant evolution in areas such as physiology, biomechanics, nutrition, and sports psychology has transformed the way athletes achieve their full potential. All of this has created the need for specialists capable of integrating this knowledge, which is essential for excellence in the competitive realm.

For this reason, TECH has developed this comprehensive Postgraduate Master's Degree in High Performance in Sports. The program will be delivered 100% online, allowing access to cutting-edge content without the limitations of traditional learning. With a flexible methodology and innovative resources, it will be possible to combine training with other professional responsibilities, ensuring continuous access to updated materials and real-world case studies. Moreover, the ability to study from anywhere in the world removes geographical barriers and facilitates specialization in a dynamic environment tailored to the needs of the sports sector.

As such, TECH will offer an innovative academic proposal that addresses the current demands of high performance, preparing professionals to face the challenges of elite sports with the best available tools. Additionally, specialists will have exclusive access to 10 unique Masterclasses, delivered by a renowned International Guest Director.

Additionally, thanks to the membership in The Chartered Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (CASES), students will gain access to exclusive educational resources, discounts on events and specialized publications, and practical benefits such as professional insurance. They will also be able to join an active community, participate in committees, and obtain accreditations that enhance their development, visibility, and professional prospects in the field of sports and exercise science.

You will have access to updated content and benefit from exclusive Masterclasses led by a renowned International Guest Director”

This Master's Degree in High Performance in Sports contains the most complete and up-to-date University program on the market. Its most notable features are:

• The development of practical cases presented by experts in Sports  
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice 
• Practical exercises where the self-assessment process can be carried out to improve learning
• Special emphasis on innovative methodologies in Sports Preparation 
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection work 
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection 

You will learn to apply statistics in the analysis of athletic performance and make informed decisions. Make a difference in Sports!"

The program includes a faculty of professionals from the sports field, who bring their practical experience to the program, as well as recognized specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities. 

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide an immersive learning experience designed to prepare for real-life situations. 

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the student must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this purpose, the professional will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts. 

You will perfect your knowledge in strength training and develop effective programs to improve athletes' physical conditioning"

You will specialize in speed training and design plans to maximize the explosiveness and agility of athletes. You will take training to the next level!"

High Performance in Sports requires a comprehensive understanding that spans from training planning to recovery and injury prevention. In an increasingly competitive environment, the application of evidence-based strategies is key to maximizing performance and prolonging athletes’ careers. Additionally, advancements in technology and Sports Science have transformed how physical and mental capabilities are optimized. Therefore, this syllabus will offer a multidisciplinary and innovative perspective, designed to train specialists capable of facing the current challenges in athletic performance.

You will be trained in an innovative format, with flexible and up-to-date content that will allow you to learn at your own pace”

Module 1. Exercise Physiology and Physical Activity

1.1. Thermodynamics and Bioenergetics

1.1.1. Definition
1.1.2. General Concepts

1.1.2.1. Organic Chemistry
1.1.2.2. Functional Groups
1.1.2.3. Enzymes
1.1.2.4. Coenzymes
1.1.2.5. Acids and Bases
1.1.2.6. PH

1.2. Energy Systems

1.2.1. General Concepts

1.2.1.1. Capacity and Power
1.2.1.2. Cytoplasmic Processes vs. Mitochondrial Processes

1.2.2. Phosphagen Metabolism

1.2.2.1. ATP - PC
1.2.2.2. Pentose Pathway
1.2.2.3. Nucleotide Metabolism

1.2.3. Carbohydrate Metabolism

1.2.3.1. Glycolysis
1.2.3.2. Glycogenogenesis
1.2.3.3. Glycogenolysis
1.2.3.4. Gluconeogenesis

1.2.4. Lipid Metabolism

1.2.4.1. Bioactive Lipids
1.2.4.2. Lipolysis
1.2.4.3. Beta-oxidation
1.2.4.4. De Novo Lipogenesis

1.2.5. Oxidative Phosphorylation

1.2.5.1. Oxidative Decarboxylation of Pyruvate
1.2.5.2. Krebs Cycle
1.2.5.3. Electron Transport Chain
1.2.5.4. ROS
1.2.5.5. Mitochondrial Cross-Talk

1.3. Signaling Pathways

1.3.1. Second Messengers
1.3.2. Steroid Hormones
1.3.3. AMPK
1.3.4. NAD+
1.3.5. PGC1

1.4. Skeletal Muscle

1.4.1. Structure and Function
1.4.2. Fibers
1.4.3. Innervation
1.4.4. Muscle Cytoarchitecture
1.4.5. Protein Synthesis and Breakdown
1.4.6. mTOR

1.5. Neuromuscular Adaptations

1.5.1. Motor Unit Recruitment
1.5.2. Synchronization
1.5.3. Neural Drive
1.5.4. Golgi Tendon Organ and Neuromuscular Spindle

1.6. Structural Adaptations

1.6.1. Hypertrophy
1.6.2. Mecano Signal Transduction
1.6.3. Metabolic Stress
1.6.4. Muscle Damage and Inflammation
1.6.5. Changes in Muscular Architecture

1.7. Fatigue

1.7.1. Central Fatigue
1.7.2. Peripheral Fatigue
1.7.3. HRV (Heart Rate Variability)
1.7.4. Bioenergetic Model
1.7.5. Cardiovascular Model
1.7.6. Thermoregulator Model
1.7.7. Psychological Model
1.7.8. Central Governor Model

1.8. Maximum Oxygen Consumption

1.8.1. Definition
1.8.2. Evaluation
1.8.3. VO2 Kinetics
1.8.4. VAM
1.8.5. Running Economics

1.9. Thresholds

1.9.1. Lactate and Ventilatory Threshold
1.9.2. MLSS
1.9.3. Critical Power
1.9.4. HIIT and LIT
1.9.5. Anaerobic Speed Reserve

1.10. Extreme Physiological Conditions

1.10.1. Height
1.10.2. Temperature
1.10.3. Diving

Module 2. Statistics Applied to Performance and Research

2.1. Notions of Probability

2.1.1. Simple Probability
2.1.2. Conditional Probability
2.1.3. Bayes’ Theorem

2.2. Probability Distributions

2.2.1. Binomial Distribution
2.2.2. Poisson Distribution
2.2.3. Normal Distribution

2.3. Statistical Inference

2.3.1. Population Parameters
2.3.2. Estimation of Population Parameters
2.3.3. Sampling Distributions Associated with the Normal Distribution
2.3.4. Distribution of the Sample Mean
2.3.5. Point Estimators
2.3.6. Properties of Estimators
2.3.7. Estimator Comparison Criteria
2.3.8. Estimators by Confidence Regions
2.3.9. Method of Obtaining Confidence Intervals
2.3.10    Confidence Intervals Associated With Normal Distribution
2.3.11    Central Limit Theorem

2.4. Hypothesis Test

2.4.1. P-Value
2.4.2. Statistical Power

2.5. Exploratory Analysis and Descriptive Statistics

2.5.1. Graphs and Tables
2.5.2. Chi-Square Test
2.5.3. Relative Risk
2.5.4. Odds Ratio

2.6. The T-Test

2.6.1. One-Sample T-Test
2.6.2. T-Test for Two Independent Samples
2.6.3. T-Test for Paired Samples

2.7. Correlation Analysis
2.8. Simple Linear Regression Analysis

2.8.1. The Regression Line and its Coefficients
2.8.2. Residuals
2.8.3. Regression Assessment Using Residuals
2.8.4. Coefficient of Determination

2.9. Variance and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

2.9.1. One-Way ANOVA
2.9.2. Two-Way ANOVA
2.9.3. ANOVA for Repeated Measures
2.9.4. Factorial ANOVA

Module 3. Strength Training, from Theory to Practice

3.1. Strength: Conceptualization

3.1.1. Strength Defined from a Mechanical Point of View
3.1.2. Strength Defined from a Physiology Point of View
3.1.3. Define the Concept of Applied Strength
3.1.4. Time-Strength Curve

3.1.4.1. Interpretation

3.1.5. Define the Concept of Maximum Strength
3.1.6. Define the Concept of RFD
3.1.7. Define the Concept of Useful Strength
3.1.8. Strength-Speed-Power Curves

3.1.8.1. Interpretation

3.1.9. Defining the Concept of Strength Deficit

3.2. Training Load

3.2.1. Defining the Concept of Strength Training Load
3.2.2. Defining the Concept of Load
3.2.3. Load Concept: Volume

3.2.3.1. Definition and Applicability in Practice

3.2.4. Load Concept: Intensity

3.2.4.1. Definition and Applicability in Practice

3.2.5. Load Concept: Density

3.2.5.1. Definition and Applicability in Practice

3.2.6. Define the Concept of Effort Character

3.2.6.1. Definition and Applicability in Practice

3.3. Strength Training in the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Injuries

3.3.1. Conceptual and Operational Framework in Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation

3.3.1.1. Terminology
3.3.1.2. Concepts

3.3.2. Strength Training and Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Under Scientific Evidence
3.3.3. Methodological Process of Strength Training in Injury Prevention and Functional Recovery

3.3.3.1. Defining the Method
3.3.3.2. Applying the Method in Practice

3.3.4. Role of Core Stability (Core) in Injury Prevention

3.3.4.1. Definition of Core
3.3.4.2. Core Training

3.4. Plyometric Method

3.4.1. Physiological Mechanisms

3.4.1.1. Specific General Information

3.4.2. Muscle Actions in Plyometric Exercises
3.4.3. The Stretch-Shortening Cycle (SSC)

3.4.3.1. Use of Energy or Elastic Capacity
3.4.3.2. Reflex Involvement. Series and Parallel Elastic Energy Accumulation

3.4.4. Classification of CEA

3.4.4.1. Short CEA
3.4.4.2. Long CEA

3.4.5. Properties of the Muscle and Tendon
3.4.6. Central Nervous System

3.4.6.1. Recruitment
3.4.6.2. Frequency
3.4.6.3. Synchronization

3.4.7. Practical Considerations

3.5. Power Training

3.5.1. Definition of Power

3.5.1.1. Conceptual Aspects of Power
3.5.1.2. The Importance of Power in a Context of Sport Performance
3.5.1.3. Clarification of Power Terminology

3.5.2. Factors Contributing Peak Power Development
3.5.3. Structural Aspects Conditioning Power Production

3.5.3.1. Muscle Hypertrophy
3.5.3.2. Muscle Structure
3.5.3.3. Ratio of Fast and Slow Fibers in a Cross Section
3.5.3.4. Muscle Length and its Effect on Muscle Contraction
3.5.3.5. Quantity and Characteristics of Elastic Components

3.5.4. Neural Aspects Conditioning Power Production

3.5.4.1. Action Potential
3.5.4.2. Speed of Motor Unit Recruitment
3.5.4.3. Muscle Coordination
3.5.4.4. Intermuscular Coordination
3.5.4.5. Post-Activation Potentiation (PAP)
3.5.4.6. Neuromuscular Reflex Mechanisms and Their Incidence

3.5.5. Theoretical Aspects for Understanding the Strength-Time Curve

3.5.5.1. Strength Impulse
3.5.5.2. Phases of the Strength-Time Curve
3.5.5.3. Phases of Acceleration in the Strength-Time Curve
3.5.5.4. Maximum Acceleration Area of the Strength-Time Curve
3.5.5.5. Deceleration Phase of the Strength-Time Curve

3.5.6. Theoretical Aspects for Understanding Power Curves

3.5.6.1. Energy-Time Curve
3.5.6.2. Energy-Displacement Curve
3.5.6.3. Optimal Workload for Maximum Energy Development

3.5.7. Practical Considerations

3.6. Vector Strength Training

3.6.1. Definition of Force Vector

3.6.1.1. Axial Vector
3.6.1.2. Horizontal Vector
3.6.1.3. Rotational Vector

3.6.2. Benefits of Using this Terminology
3.6.3. Definition of Basic Vectors in Training

3.6.3.1. Analysis of the Main Sporting Actions
3.6.3.2. Analysis of the Main Overload Exercises
3.6.3.3. Analysis of the Main Training Exercises

3.6.4. Practical Considerations

3.7. Main Methods for Strength Training

3.7.1. Own Body Weight
3.7.2. Free Exercises
3.7.3. PAP

3.7.3.1. Definition
3.7.3.2. Application of the PAP prior to Power-Related Sports Disciplines

3.7.4. Exercises with Machines
3.7.5. Complex Training
3.7.6. Exercises and Their Transfer
3.7.7. Contrasts
3.7.8. Cluster Training
3.7.9. Practical Considerations

3.8. VBT

3.8.1. Conceptualization of the Application of VBT

3.8.1.1. Degree of Stability of Execution Speed with Each Percentage of 1MR

3.8.2. Difference Between Scheduled Load and Actual Load

3.8.2.1. Definition of the Concept
3.8.2.2. Variables Involved in the Difference Between Programmed Load and Actual Training Load

3.8.3. VBT as a Solution to the Problem of Using 1MR and nMR to Program Loads
3.8.4. VBT and Degree of Fatigue

3.8.4.1. Connection to Lactate
3.8.4.2. Connection to Ammonium

3.8.5. VBT in Relation to the Loss of Speed and Percentage of Repetitions Performed

3.8.5.1. Define the Different Degrees of Effort in the Same Series
3.8.5.2. Different Adaptations According to the Degree of Speed Loss in the Series

3.8.6. Methodological Proposals According to Different Authors
3.8.7. Practical Considerations

3.9. Strength in Connection to Hypertrophy

3.9.1. Hypertrophy-Inducing Mechanism: Mechanical Stress
3.9.2. Hypertrophy-Inducing Mechanism: Metabolic Stress
3.9.3. Hypertrophy-Inducing Mechanism: Muscle Damage
3.9.4. Hypertrophy Programming Variables

3.9.4.1. Frequency
3.9.4.2. Volume
3.9.4.3. Intensity
3.9.4.4. Cadence
3.9.4.5. Series and Repetitions
3.9.4.6. Density
3.9.4.7. Order in the Execution of Exercises

3.9.5. Training Variables and Their Different Structural Effects

3.9.5.1. Effect on Different Types of Fiber
3.9.5.2. Effects on the Tendon
3.9.5.3. Bundle Length
3.9.5.4. Peneation Angle

3.9.6. Practical Considerations

3.10. Eccentric Strength Training

3.10.1. Conceptual Framework

3.10.1.1. Definition of Eccentric Training
3.10.1.2. Different Types of Eccentric Training

3.10.2. Eccentric Training and Performance
3.10.3. Eccentric Training in the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Injuries
3.10.4. Technology Applied to Eccentric Training

3.10.4.1. Conical Pulleys
3.10.4.2. Isoinertial Devices

3.10.5. Practical Considerations

Module 4. Speed Training, from Theory to Practice

4.1. Speed

4.1.1. Definition
4.1.2. General Concepts

4.1.2.1. Manifestations of Speed
4.1.2.2. Factors that Determine Performance
4.1.2.3. Difference Between Speed and Quickness
4.1.2.4. Segmental Speed
4.1.2.5. Angular Speed
4.1.2.6. Reaction Time

4.2. Dynamics and Mechanics of Linear Sprint (100m Model)

4.2.1. Kinematic Analysis of the Take-off
4.2.2. Dynamics and Strength Application During Take-off
4.2.3. Kinematic Analysis of the Acceleration Phase
4.2.4. Dynamics and Strength Application During Acceleration
4.2.5. Kinematic Analysis of Running at Maximum Speed
4.2.6. Dynamics and Strength Application During Maximum Speed

4.3. Phases of Sprinting (Technique Analysis)

4.3.1. Technical Description of the Take-off
4.3.2. Technical Description of the Race During the Acceleration Phase

4.3.2.1. Technical Model of the Kinogram for the Acceleration Phase

4.3.3. Technical Description of the Race During the Maximum Speed Phase

4.3.3.1. Technical Kinogram Model (ALTIS) for Technique Analysis

4.3.4. Speed Endurance

4.4. Speed Bioenergetics

4.4.1. Bioenergetics of Single Sprints

4.4.1.1. Myoenergetics of Single Sprints
4.4.1.2. ATP-PC System
4.4.1.3. Glycolytic System
4.4.1.4. Adenylate Kinase Reaction

4.4.2. Bioenergetics of Repeated Sprints

4.4.2.1. Energy Comparison Between Single and Repeated Sprints
4.4.2.2. Behavior of Energy Production Systems During Repeated Sprints
4.4.2.3. Recovery of PC
4.4.2.4. Connection Between Aerobic Power and Recovery Processes of PC
4.4.2.5. Determinants of Performance in Repeated Sprints

4.5. Analysis of Acceleration Technique and Maximum Speed in Team Sports

4.5.1. Description of the Technique in Team Sports
4.5.2. Comparison of Sprinting Technique in Team Sports vs. Athletic Events
4.5.3. Timing and Motion Analysis of Speed Events in Team Sports

4.6. Methodological Approach to Teaching the Technique

4.6.1. Technical Teaching of the Different Phases of the Race
4.6.2. Common Errors and Ways to Correct Them

4.7. Means and Methods for Speed Development

4.7.1. Means and Methods for Acceleration Phase Training

4.7.1.1. Connection of Force to Acceleration
4.7.1.2. Sled
4.7.1.3. Slopes
4.7.1.4. Jumpability

4.7.1.4.1. Building the Vertical Jump
4.7.1.4.2. Building the Horizontal Jump

4.7.1.5. Training the ATP/PC System

4.7.2. Means and Methods for Training Top Speed

4.7.2.1. Plyometry
4.7.2.2. Overspeed
4.7.2.3. Interval-Intensive Methods

4.7.3. Means and Methods for Speed Endurance Development

4.7.3.1. Interval-Intensive Methods
4.7.3.2. Repetition Method

4.8. Agility and Change of Direction

4.8.1. Definition of Agility
4.8.2. Definition of Change of Direction
4.8.3. Determinants of Agility and COD
4.8.4. Change of Direction Technique

4.8.4.1. Shuffle
4.8.4.2. Crossover
4.8.4.3. Agility and COD Training Drills

4.9. Assessment and Control of Speed Training

4.9.1. Strength-Speed Profile
4.9.2. Test With Photocells and Variants With Other Control Devices
4.9.3. RSA

4.10. Programming Speed Training

Module 5. Endurance Training, from Theory to Practice

5.1. General Concepts

5.1.1. General Definitions

5.1.1.1. Training
5.1.1.2. Trainability
5.1.1.3. Sports Physical Preparation

5.1.2. Objectives Endurance Training
5.1.3. General Principles of Training

5.1.3.1. Principles of Load
5.1.3.2. Principles of Organization
5.1.3.3. Principles of Specialization

5.2. Physiology of Aerobic Training

5.2.1. Physiological Response to Aerobic Endurance Training

5.2.1.1. Responses to Continuous Stress
5.2.1.2. Responses to Intervallic Stress
5.2.1.3. Responses to Intermittent Stress
5.2.1.4. Responses to Stress in Small-Space Games

5.2.2. Factors Related to Aerobic Endurance Performance

5.2.2.1. Aerobic Power
5.2.2.2. Anaerobic Threshold
5.2.2.3. Maximum Aerobic Speed
5.2.2.4. Economy of Effort
5.2.2.5. Use of Substrates
5.2.2.6. Characteristics of Muscle Fibers

5.2.3. Physiological Adaptations to Aerobic Endurance

5.2.3.1. Adaptations to Continuous Stress
5.2.3.2. Adaptations to Intervallic Stress
5.2.3.3. Adaptations to Intermittent Stress
5.2.3.4. Adaptations to Stress in Small-Space Games

5.3. Situational Sports and Their Relation to Aerobic Endurance

5.3.1. Group I Situational Sport Demands; Football, Rugby and Hockey
5.3.2. Group II Situational Sport Demands; Basketball, Handball, Futsal
5.3.3. Group III Situational Sport Demands; Tennis and Volleyball

5.4. Monitoring and Assessment of Aerobic Endurance

5.4.1. Direct Treadmill Versus Field Evaluation

5.4.1.1. VO2max Treadmill Versus Field
5.4.1.2. VAM Treadmill Versus Field
5.4.1.3. VAM versus VFA
5.4.1.4. Time Limit (VAM)

5.4.2. Continuous Indirect Tests

5.4.2.1. Time Limit (VFA)
5.4.2.2. 1,000m Test
5.4.2.3. 5-Minute Test

5.4.3. Incremental and Maximum Indirect Tests

5.4.3.1. UMTT, UMTT-Brue, VAMEVAL and T-Bordeaux
5.4.3.2. UNCa Test; Hexagon, Track, Hare

5.4.4. Indirect Back-and-Forth and Intermittent Tests

5.4.4.1. 20m. Shuttle Run Test (Course Navette)
5.4.4.2. YoYo Test
5.4.4.3. Intermittent Test; 30-15 IFT, Carminatti, 45-15 Test

5.4.5. Specific Tests With Ball

5.4.5.1. Hoff Test

5.4.6. Proposal Based on the VFA

5.4.6.1. VFA Contact Points for Football, Rugby and Hockey
5.4.6.2. FSR Contact Points for Basketball, Futsal and Handball

5.5. Planning Aerobic Exercise

5.5.1. Exercise Model
5.5.2. Training Frequency
5.5.3. Duration of the Exercise
5.5.4. Training Intensity
5.5.5. Density

5.6. Methods to Develop Aerobic Endurance

5.6.1. Continuous Training
5.6.2. Interval Training
5.6.3. Intermittent Training
5.6.4. SSG Training (Small-Space Games)
5.6.5. Mixed Training (Circuits)

5.7. Program Design

5.7.1. Pre-Season Period
5.7.2. Competitive Period
5.7.3. Post-Season Period

5.8. Special Aspects Related to Training

5.8.1. Concurrent Training
5.8.2. Strategies to Design Concurrent Training
5.8.3. Adaptations Generated by Concurrent Training
5.8.4. Differences Between Genders
5.8.5. De-Training

5.9. Aerobic Training in Children and Youth

5.9.1. General Concepts

5.9.1.1. Growth, Development and Maturation

5.9.2. Evaluation of VO2max and VAM

5.9.2.1. Indirect Measurement
5.9.2.2. Indirect Field Measurement

5.9.3. Physiological Adaptations in Children and Youth

5.9.3.1. VO2máx and VAM Adaptations

5.9.4. Design of Aerobic Training

5.9.4.1. Intermittent Method
5.9.4.2. Adherence and Motivation
5.9.4.3. Games in Small Spaces

Module 6. Mobility: from Theory to Performance

6.1. Neuromuscular System

6.1.1. Neurophysiological Principles: Inhibition and Excitability

6.1.1.1. Adaptations of the Nervous System
6.1.1.2. Strategies to Modify Corticospinal Excitability
6.1.1.3. Keys to Neuromuscular Activation

6.1.2. Somatosensory Information Systems

6.1.2.1. Information Subsystems
6.1.2.2. Types of Reflexes

6.1.2.2.1. Monosynaptic Reflexes
6.1.2.2.2. Polysynaptic Reflexes
6.1.2.2.3. Muscle-Tendinous-Articular Reflexes

6.1.2.3. Responses to Dynamic and Static Stretches

6.2. Motor Control and Movement

6.2.1. Stabilizing and Mobilising Systems

6.2.1.1. Local System: Stabilizer System
6.2.1.2. Global System: Mobilizing System
6.2.1.3. Respiratory Pattern

6.2.2. Movement Pattern

6.2.2.1. Co-Activation
6.2.2.2. Joint by Joint Theory
6.2.2.3. Primary Motion Complexes

6.3. Understanding Mobility

6.3.1. Key Concepts and Beliefs in Mobility

6.3.1.1. Manifestations of Mobility in Sport
6.3.1.2. Neurophysiological and Biomechanical Factors Influencing Mobility Development
6.3.1.3. Impact of Mobility on Strength Development

6.3.2. Objectives of Training Mobility in Sport

6.3.2.1. Mobility in the Training Session
6.3.2.2. Benefits of Mobility Training

6.3.3. Mobility and Stability by Structures

6.3.3.1. Foot-Ankle Complex
6.3.3.2. Knee-Hip Complex
6.3.3.3. Spine-Shoulder Complex

6.4. Training Mobility

6.4.1. Fundamental Block

6.4.1.1. Strategies and Tools to Optimize Mobility
6.4.1.2. Specific Pre-Exercise Scheme
6.4.1.3. Specific Post-Exercise Scheme

6.4.2. Mobility and Stability in Basic Movements

6.4.2.1. Squat & Dead Lift
6.4.2.2. Acceleration and Multidirection

6.5. Methods of Recovery

6.5.1. Proposal for Effectiveness Based on Scientific Evidence

6.6. Methods for Training Mobility

6.6.1. Tissue-Centered Methods: Passive Tension and Active Tension Stretching
6.6.2. Methods Focused on Arthro-Coinematics: Isolated Stretching and Integrated Stretching
6.6.3. Eccentric Training

6.7. Mobility Training Programming

6.7.1. Effects of Stretching in the Short and Long Term
6.7.2. Optimal Timing for Applying Stretching

6.8. Athlete Assessment and Analysis

6.8.1. Functional and Neuromuscular Assessment

6.8.1.1. Key Concepts in Assessment
6.8.1.2. Evaluation Process

6.8.1.2.1. Analyze the Movement Pattern
6.8.1.2.2. Identify the Test
6.8.1.2.3. Detect the Weak Links

6.8.2. Athlete Assessment Methodology

6.8.2.1. Types of Tests

6.8.2.1.1. Analytical Assessment Test
6.8.2.1.2. General Assessment Test
6.8.2.1.3. Specific-Dynamic Assessment Test

6.8.2.2. Assessment by Structures

6.8.2.2.1. Foot-Ankle Complex
6.8.2.2.2. Knee-Hip Complex
6.8.2.2.3. Spine-Shoulder Complex

6.9. Mobility in Injured Athletes

6.9.1. Pathophysiology of Injury: Effects on Mobility

6.9.1.1. Muscle Structure
6.9.1.2. Tendon Structure
6.9.1.3. Ligament Structure

6.9.2. Mobility and Preventiion of Injuries: Practical Case

6.9.2.1. Ruptured Ischialis in the Runner

Module 7. Sports Performance Assessment

7.1. Evaluation

7.1.1. Definitions: Test, Assessment, Measurement
7.1.2. Validity, Reliability
7.1.3. Purposes of the Evaluation

7.2. Types of Tests

7.2.1. Laboratory Test

7.2.1.1. Strengths and Limitations of Laboratory Tests

7.2.2. Field Tests

7.2.2.1. Strengths and Limitations of Field Tests

7.2.3. Direct Tests

7.2.3.1. Applications and Transfer to Training

7.2.4. Indirect Tests

7.2.4.1. Practical Considerations and Transfer to Training

7.3. Assessment of Body Composition

7.3.1. Bioimpedance

7.3.1.1. Considerations in Its Field Application
7.3.1.2. Limitations on the Validity of Its Data

7.3.2. Anthropometry

7.3.2.1. Tools for Its Implementation
7.3.2.2. Models of Analysis for Body Composition

7.3.3. Body Mass Index (IMC)

7.3.3.1. Restrictions on the data obtained for interpretation of body composition

7.4. Assessing Aerobic Fitness

7.4.1. Vo2max Test on the Treadmill

7.4.1.1. Astrand Test
7.4.1.2. Balke Test
7.4.1.3. ACSM Test
7.4.1.4. Bruce Test
7.4.1.5. Foster Test
7.4.1.6. Pollack Test

7.4.2. Cycloergometer VO2max Test

7.4.2.1. Astrand. Ryhming
7.4.2.2. Fox Test

7.4.3. Cycloergometer Power Test

7.4.3.1. Wingate Test

7.4.4. Vo2max Test in the Field

7.4.4.1. Leger Test
7.4.4.2. Montreal University Test
7.4.4.3. Mile Test
7.4.4.4. 12-Minute Test
7.4.4.5. 2.4Km Test

7.4.5. Field Test to Establish Training Areas

7.4.5.1. 30-15 IFT Test

7.4.6. UNca Test
7.4.7. Yo-Yo Test

7.4.7.1. Yo-Yo Endurance. YYET Level 1 and 2
7.4.7.2. Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance. YYEIT Level 1 and 2
7.4.7.3. Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery. YYERT Level 1 and 2

7.5. Neuromuscular Fitness Evaluation

7.5.1. Submaximal Repetition Test

7.5.1.1. Practical Applications for its Assessment
7.5.1.2. Validated Estimation Formulas for the Different Training Exercises

7.5.2. 1 RM Test

7.5.2.1. Protocol for its Performance
7.5.2.2. Limitations of 1 RM Assessment

7.5.3. Horizontal Jump Test

7.5.3.1. Assessment Protocols

7.5.4. Speed Test (5m,10m,15m, Etc.)

7.5.4.1. Considerations on the Data Obtained in Time/Distance Assessments

7.5.5. Maximum/Submaximum Incremental Progressive Tests

7.5.5.1. Validated Protocols
7.5.5.2. Practical Applications

7.5.6. Vertical Jump Test

7.5.6.1. SJ Jump
7.5.6.2. CMJ Jump
7.5.6.3. ABK Jump
7.5.6.4. DJ Test
7.5.6.5. Continuous Jump Test

7.5.7. Strength/Speed Vertical/Horizontal Profiles

7.5.7.1. Morin and Samozino Assessment Protocols
7.5.7.2. Practical Applications from a Strength/Speed Profile

7.5.8. Isometric Tests With Load Cell

7.5.8.1. Voluntary Isometric Maximal Strength Test (IMS)
7.5.8.2. Bilateral Deficit Isometry Test (%BLD)
7.5.8.3. Lateral Deficit (%LD)
7.5.8.4. Hamstring/Quadriceps Ratio Test

7.6. Assessment and Monitoring Tools

7.6.1. Heart Rate Monitors

7.6.1.1. Device Characteristics
7.6.1.2. Training Areas by Heart Rate

7.6.2. Lactate Analyzers

7.6.2.1. Device Types, Performance and Characteristics
7.6.2.2. Training Zones According to the Lactate Threshold Limit (LT)

7.6.3. Gas Analyzers

7.6.3.1. Laboratory vs Portable Devices

7.6.4. GPS

7.6.4.1. GPS Types, Characteristics, Strengths and Limitations
7.6.4.2. Metrics Established to Interpret the External Load

7.6.5. Accelerometers

7.6.5.1. Types of Accelerometers and Characteristics
7.6.5.2. Practical Applications of Data Obtained From an Accelerometer

7.6.6. Position Transducers

7.6.6.1. Types of Transducers for Vertical and Horizontal Movements
7.6.6.2. Variables Measured and Estimated by of a Position Transducer
7.6.6.3. Data Obtained from a Position Transducer and its Applications to Training Programming

7.6.7. Strength Platforms

7.6.7.1. Types and Characteristics.of Strength Platforms
7.6.7.2. Variables Measured and Estimated by Means of a Strength Platform
7.6.7.3. Practical Approach to Training Programming

7.6.8. Load Cells

7.6.8.1. Cell Types, Characteristics and Performance
7.6.8.2. Uses and Applications for Sports Performance and Health

7.6.9. Photoelectric Cells

7.6.9.1. Characteristics and Limitations of the Devices
7.6.9.2. Practical Uses and Applicability

7.6.10. Movile Applications

7.6.10.1. Description of the Most Used Apps on the Market: My Jump, PowerLift, Runmatic, Nordic

7.7. Internal and External Load

7.7.1. Objective Means of Assessment

7.7.1.1. Speed of Execution
7.7.1.2. Average Mechanical Power
7.7.1.3. GPS Device Metrics

7.7.2. Subjective Means of Assessment

7.7.2.1. PSE
7.7.2.2. sPSE
7.7.2.3. Chronic/Acute Load Ratio

7.8. Fatigue

7.8.1. General Concepts of Fatigue and Recovery
7.8.2. Assessments

7.8.2.1. Laboratory Objectives: CK, Urea, Cortisol, Etc.
7.8.2.2. Field Objectives: CMJ, Isometric Tests, etc.
7.8.2.3. Subjective: Wellness Scales, TQR, etc.

7.8.3. Recovery Strategies: Cold-Water Immersion, Nutritional Strategies, Self-Massage, Sleep

7.9. Considerations for Practical Applications

7.9.1. Vertical Jump Test. Practical Applications
7.9.2. Maximum/Submaximum Incremental Progressive Test. Practical Applications
7.9.3. Vertical Strength-Speed Profile. Practical Applications

Module 8. Planning Applied to High Performance in Sports

8.1. Basic Fundamentals

8.1.1. Adaptation Criteria

8.1.1.1. General Adaptation Syndrome
8.1.1.2. Current Performance Capability, Training Requirement

8.1.2. Fatigue, Performance, Conditioning as Tools
8.1.3. Dose-Response Concept and its Application

8.2. Basic Concepts and Applications

8.2.1. Concept and Application of the Plan
8.2.2. Concept and Application of Periodization
8.2.3. Concept and Application of Programming
8.2.4. Concept and Application of Load Control

8.3. Conceptual Development of Planning and its Different Models

8.3.1. First Historical Planning Records
8.3.2. First Proposals, Analyzing the Bases
8.3.3. Classic Models

8.3.3.1. Traditional
8.3.3.2. Pendulum
8.3.3.3. High Loads

8.4. Models Focused on Individuality and/or Load Concentration

8.4.1. Blocks
8.4.2. Integrated Macrocycle
8.4.3. Integrated Model
8.4.4. ATR
8.4.5. Keeping in Shape
8.4.6. By Objectives
8.4.7. Structural Bells
8.4.8. Self-Regulation (APRE)

8.5. Models Focused on Specificity and/or Movement Capacity

8.5.1. Cognitive (or Structured Microcycle)
8.5.2. Tactical Periodization
8.5.3. Conditional Development by Movement Capacity

8.6. Criteria for Correct Programming and Periodization

8.6.1. Criteria for Programming and Periodization in Strength Training
8.6.2. Criteria for Programming and Periodization in Endurance Training
8.6.3. Criteria for Programming and Periodization in Speed Training
8.6.4. “Interference” Criteria in Scheduling and Periodization in Concurrent Training

8.7. Planning Through Load Control With a GNSS Device (GPS)

8.7.1. Basis of Session Saving for Appropriate Control

8.7.1.1. Calculation of the Average Group Session for a Correct Load Analysis
8.7.1.2. Common Errors in Saving and Their Impact on Plannning

8.7.2. Relativization of the Load, a Function of Competence
8.7.3. Load Control by Volume or Density, Range and Limitations

8.8. Integrating Thematic Unit 1 (Practical Application)

8.8.1. Construction of a Real Model of Short-Term Planning

8.8.1.1. Selecting and Applying the Periodization Model
8.8.1.2. Designing the Corresponding Planning

8.9. Integrating Thematic Unit 2 (Practical Application)

8.9.1. Producing a Pluri-Annual Plannification
8.9.2. Producing an Annual Plannification

Module 9. Biomechanics Applied to High Performance in Sports

9.1. Introduction to Biomechanics

9.1.1. Biomechanics, Concept, Introduction and Purpose of Biomechanics

9.1.1.1. Its Connection to Functional Anatomy

9.1.2. Biomechanics and Performance

9.1.2.1. Its Application to Physical Education and Sport
9.1.2.2. Parts of Biomechanics, Generalities
9.1.2.3. Measuring Tools

9.1.3. Kinematics: Basic Concepts and Practical Applications

9.2. Movement in One Dimension

9.2.1. Speed

9.2.1.1. Concept of Speed
9.2.1.2. Average speed
9.2.1.3. Instant Speed
9.2.1.4. Constant Speed
9.2.1.5. Variable Speed
9.2.1.6. Equations and Units
9.2.1.7. Interpretation of Space-Time and Speed-Distance Graphs
9.2.1.8. Examples in Sport

9.2.2. Acceleration

9.2.2.1. Concept of Acceleration
9.2.2.2. Average Acceleration
9.2.2.3. Instant Acceleration
9.2.2.4. Constant Acceleration
9.2.2.5. Variable Acceleration
9.2.2.6. Connection With the Speed at Constant Acceleration
9.2.2.7. Equations and Units
9.2.2.8. Interpretation of Acceleration-Distance Graphs, Connection With Speed-Time Graphs
9.2.2.9. Examples in Sport

9.2.3. Free Fall

9.2.3.1. Acceleration of Gravity
9.2.3.2. Ideal Conditions
9.2.3.3. Variations of Gravity
9.2.3.4. Equations

9.2.4. Graphical Surroundings

9.2.4.1. Accelerations and Speeds in Free Fall

9.3. Movement in a Plane

9.3.1. Speed

9.3.1.1. Concept Through its Vectorial Components
9.3.1.2. Interpreting Graphs Examples in Sport

9.3.2. Acceleration

9.3.2.1. Concept Through its Vectorial Components
9.3.2.2. Interpreting Graphs
9.3.2.3. Examples in Sport

9.3.3. Projectile Movement

9.3.3.1. Fundamental Components
9.3.3.2. Initial Speed
9.3.3.3. Initial Angle
9.3.3.4. Ideal Conditions Initial Angle for Maximum Reach
9.3.3.5. Equations Interpreting Graphs
9.3.3.6. Examples Applied to Jumps and Throws

9.4. Kinematics of Rotations

9.4.1. Angular Speed

9.4.1.1. Angular Movement
9.4.1.2. Average Angular Speed
9.4.1.3. Instant Angular Speed
9.4.1.4. Equations and Units
9.4.1.5. Interpretation and Examples in Sport

9.4.2. Angular Acceleration

9.4.2.1. Average and Instantaneous Angular Acceleration
9.4.2.2. Equations and Units
9.4.2.3. Interpretation and Examples in Sport Constant Angular Acceleration

9.5. Dynamics

9.5.1. First Law of Newton

9.5.1.1. Interpretation
9.5.1.2. Concept of Mass
9.5.1.3. Equations and Units
9.5.1.4. Examples in Sport

9.5.2. Second Law of Newton

9.5.2.1. Interpretation
9.5.2.2. Concept of Weight and Deference to Mass
9.5.2.3. Equations and Units Examples in Sport

9.5.3. Third Law of Newton

9.5.3.1. Interpretation
9.5.3.2. Equations
9.5.3.3. Centripetal and Centrifugal Force
9.5.3.4. Examples in Sport

9.5.4. Work, Power and Energy

9.5.4.1. Concept of Work
9.5.4.2. Equations, Units, Interpretation and Examples

9.5.5. Power

9.5.5.1. Equations, Units, Interpretation and Examples

9.5.6. Generalities on the Concept of Energy

9.5.6.1. Types of Energy, Units and Conversion

9.5.7. Kinetic Energy

9.5.7.1. Concept and Equations

9.5.8. Potential Elastic Energy

9.5.8.1. Concept and Equations
9.5.8.2. The Work and Energy Theorem
9.5.8.3. Interpretation from Examples in Sport

9.5.9. Amount of Movement and Collisions Interpretation

9.5.9.1. Equations Center of Mass and Movement of the Center of Mass
9.5.9.2. Collisions, Types, Equations and Graphs
9.5.9.3. Examples in Athletism
9.5.9.4. Impulsive Forces Calculation of the Initial Speed in a Jump That is Considered as a Collision

9.6. Dynamics of Rotations

9.6.1. Moment of Inertia

9.6.1.1. Moment of a Force, Concept and Units
9.6.1.2. Lever Arm

9.6.2. Kinetic Energy of Rotation

9.6.2.1. Moment of Inertia, Concept and Units
9.6.2.2. Summary of Equations
9.6.2.3. Interpretation. Examples in Sport

9.7. Statics-Mechanical Balance

9.7.1. Vectorial Algebra

9.7.1.1. Operations Between Vectors Using Graphical Methods
9.7.1.2. Addition and Subtraction
9.7.1.3. Calculating Momentum

9.7.2. Center of Gravity: Concept, Properties, Interpretation of Equations

9.7.2.1. Examples in Sport Rigid Bodies Human Body Model

9.8. Biomechanical Analysis

9.8.1. Analysis of Normal Gait and Running

9.8.1.1. Center of Mass Phases and Fundamental Equations
9.8.1.2. Types of Kinematic and Dynamometric Records
9.8.1.3. Related Graphs
9.8.1.4. Connections of Graphs With Speed

9.8.2. Jumps in Sport

9.8.2.1. Decomposing Movement
9.8.2.2. Center of Gravity
9.8.2.3. Phases
9.8.2.4. Distances and Component Heights

9.9. Video Analysis

9.9.1. Different Variables Measured Through Video Analysis
9.9.2. Technological Options for Video Analysis
9.9.3. Practical Examples

9.10. Case Studies

9.10.1. Biomechanical Analysis of Acceleration
9.10.2. Biomechanical Analysis of Sprinting
9.10.3. Biomechanical Analysis of Deceleration

Module 10. Nutrition Applied to High Performance in Sports

10.1. Energy Metabolism of Physical Effort

10.1.1. Matter and Energy: Introduction to Thermodynamics
10.1.2. Physicochemical Characteristics of Macronutrients
10.1.3. Digestion and Metabolism of Carbohydrates
10.1.4. Digestion and Metabolism of Lipids
10.1.5. Digestion and Metabolism of Proteins
10.1.6. Phosphagen System
10.1.7. Glycolytic System
10.1.8. Oxidative System
10.1.9. Metabolic Integration
10.1.10. Classification of Physical Effort

10.2. Assessing Nutritional Status and Body Composition

10.2.1. Retrospective and Prospective Methods
10.2.2. ABCDE Model
10.2.3. Clinical Assessment
10.2.4. Body Composition
10.2.5. Indirect Methods
10.2.6. Double Indirect Methods
10.2.7. Dual X-ray Absorptiometry
10.2.8. Vector Analysis of Electrical Bioimpedance
10.2.9. Cineanthropometry
10.2.10. Data Analysis in Kinanthropometry

10.3. Assessing Energy Expenditure

10.3.1. Components of Total Daily Energy Expenditure
10.3.2. Basal Metabolic Rate and Resting Energy Expenditure
10.3.3. Thermal Effect of Food
10.3.4. NEAT and Energy Expenditure Due to Physical Exertion
10.3.5. Technologies for Quantifying Energy Expenditure
10.3.6. Indirect Calorimetry
10.3.7. Estimation of Energy Expenditure
10.3.8. Ex-Post Calculations
10.3.9. Practical Recommendations

10.4. Bodybuilding Nutrition and Body Recomposition

10.4.1. Characteristics of Bodybuilding
10.4.2. Nutrition for Bulking
10.4.3. Nutrition for Preparation
10.4.4. Post-Competition Nutrition
10.4.5. Effective Supplements
10.4.6. Body Recomposition
10.4.7. Nutritional Strategies
10.4.8. Macronutrient Distribution
10.4.9. Diet Breaks, Refeeds and Intermittent Restrictions
10.4.10. Principles and Dangers of Pharmacology

10.5. Nutrition in Strength-Based Sports

10.5.1. Characteristics of Collective Sports
10.5.2. Energy Requirements
10.5.3. Protein Requirements
10.5.4. Distribution of Carbohydrates and Fats
10.5.5. Nutrition for Olympic Lifting
10.5.6. Nutrition for Sprint Racing
10.5.7. Nutrition for Powerlifting
10.5.8. Nutrition in Jumping and Throwing Sports
10.5.9. Nutrition in Combat-Based Sports
10.5.10. Morphological Characteristics of the Athlete

10.6. Nutrition in Team Sports

10.6.1. Characteristics of Collective Sports
10.6.2. Energy Requirements
10.6.3. Preseason Nutrition
10.6.4. Competitive Nutrition
10.6.5. Nutrition Before, During and After the Match
10.6.6. Fluid Replenishment
10.6.7. Recommendations for Lower Divisions
10.6.8. Nutrition in Football, Basketball and Volleyball
10.6.9. Nutrition in Rugby, Hockey and Baseball
10.6.10. Morphological Characteristics of the Athlete

10.7. Nutrition in Endurance-Based Sports

10.7.1. Characteristics of Endurance Sports
10.7.2. Energy Requirements
10.7.3. Glycogen Overcompensation
10.7.4. Energy Replenishment During Competition
10.7.5. Fluid Replenishment
10.7.6. Beverages and Sports Confectionery
10.7.7. Nutrition for Cycling
10.7.8. Nutrition for Running and Marathon
10.7.9. Nutrition for Triathlon
10.7.10. Nutrition for Other Olympic Sports

10.8. Nutritional Ergogenic Aids

10.8.1. Classification Systems
10.8.2. Creatine
10.8.3. Caffeine
10.8.4. Nitrates
10.8.5. β-alanin
10.8.6. Bicarbonate and Sodium Phosphate
10.8.7. Protein Supplements
10.8.8. Modified Carbohydrates
10.8.9. Herbal Extracts
10.8.10. Contaminant Supplementation

10.9. Eating Disorders and Sports Injuries

10.9.1. Anorexia
10.9.2. Bulimia Nervosa
10.9.3. Orthorexia and bigorexia
10.9.4. Binge Eating and Purging Disorder
10.9.5. Relative Energy Deficiency Syndrome
10.9.6. Micronutrient Deficiency
10.9.7. Nutrition Education and Prevention
10.9.8. Sports Injuries
10.9.9. Nutrition During Physical Rehabilitation

10.10. Advances and Research in Sports Nutrition

10.10.1. Nutrigenetics
10.10.2. Nutrigenomics
10.10.3. Modulation of the Microbiota
10.10.4. Probiotics and Prebiotics in Sport
10.10.5. Emerging Products
10.10.6. Systems Biology
10.10.7. Non-Experimental Designs
10.10.8. Experimental Designs
10.10.9. Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

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