Our comprehensive study will allow you to practice in the field of veterinary medicine by treating sick birds and reaching early diagnoses to improve their health”

This Postgraduate certificate focuses on veterinarian work in reaching a diagnosis based on scientific evidence, while optimizing economic resources and the time spent to reach early treatment. In routine clinical practice, complementary diagnostic techniques are usually used, many of them based on image diagnosis, such as radiology, endoscopy and ultrasound, without going further into the rest of the diagnoses available and necessary tests.

Thanks to this Postgraduate certificate, students will receive the fullest training in all laboratory diagnostic tests, so veterinarians specialized in birds can use fundamental techniques such as biopsies, hematology, cytology, blood biochemistry or protein electrophoresis (proteinograms), and reach peak excellence in their professional practice.

This Postgraduate certificate also offers specialized knowledge to analyze and interpret each of the diagnostic imaging techniques available, such as radiographs. One must remember that birds are small patients with a high respiratory frequency, which inevitably leads to the loss of details and information in these tests due to the patient's movements.

In short, this training provides students with specific tools and skills to successfully develop their professional activity in the wide field of avian medicine and surgery. It addresses key competencies such as knowledge of the reality and daily practice of the veterinary professional, and develops responsibility in the monitoring and supervision of their work, as well as communication skills within the essential teamwork.

In addition, as it is an online Postgraduate certificate, the student is not constrained by fixed timetables or the need to move to another physical location, but can access the contents at any time of the day, balancing his or her work or personal life with their academic life.

Do not miss the opportunity to study this Postgraduate certificate with us. It's the perfect opportunity to advance your career”

This Postgraduate certificate in Diagnostic Techniques in Avian Patients offers students the characteristics of a high-level scientific, teaching, and technological course. These are some of its most notable features: 

• Practical cases presented by experts in avian medicine
• The graphic, schematic, and eminently practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Latest developments avian patient care
• Practical exercises where the self-assessment process can be carried out to improve learning
• Special emphasis on innovative methodologies in avian medicine
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

This Postgraduate certificate is the best investment you can make when choosing a refresher program to expand your existing knowledge of the subject matter”

Its teaching staff includes professionals from the veterinary field, who bring the experience of their work to this training, as well as recognised specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities.

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive training programmed to train in real situations.

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the specialist must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the academic year. For this, the professional will have the help of an innovative interactive video system made by recognized experts in patient Medicine, and with great experience. 

This training comes with the best didactic material, providing you with a contextual approach that will facilitate your learning"

This 100% online course will allow you to combine your studies with your professional work while increasing your knowledge in this field"

The content structure has been designed by the best professionals in the Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery sector, with extensive experience and recognized prestige in the profession, backed by the volume of cases reviewed, studied, and diagnosed and with extensive knowledge of new technologies applied to veterinary studies.   

We have the most complete and up-to-date academic program in the market. We strive for excellence and for you to achieve it too" 

Module 1. Laboratory Tests

1.1. Clinical and Diagnostic Techniques: General Principles Diagnostic Evidence

1.1.1. Accurate Diagnoses
1.1.2. Considerations for Sample Preparation
1.1.3. Sample Transport and Processing

1.2. Hematology: An Essential Tool

1.2.1. Cell Morphology

1.2.1.1. The Red Series in Blood
1.2.1.2. The White Series in Blood

1.2.2. Morphological Changes in Blood Cells

1.2.2.1. Degranulation
1.2.2.2. Immaturity
1.2.2.3. Toxicity
1.2.2.4. Reactivity

1.2.3. Factors to Consider in Hematology
1.2.4. Hematology Protocols in Birds

1.2.4.1. Erythrocyte Count
1.2.4.2. Hemoglobin Estimation
1.2.4.3. Hematocrit Estimation
1.2.4.4. Leukocyte Count
1.2.4.5. Thrombocyte Count
1.2.4.6. Fibrinogen Estimation

1.3. Biochemical Analysis in Birds

1.3.1. Biochemical Reference Ranges
1.3.2. Most Used Profiles

1.3.2.1. Total Protein: Increase and Decrease
1.3.2.2. Glucose: Increase and Decrease
1.3.2.3. Uric Acid, Urea and Creatinine
1.3.2.4. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
1.3.2.5. Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT)
1.3.2.6. Bile Acids
1.3.2.7. Creatine-Phosphokinase (CPK): Muscle or Heart Failure
1.3.2.8. Calcium: Hypercalcemia Hypocalcemia
1.3.2.9. Phosphorus
1.3.2.10. Cholesterol

1.3.3. Age-Related Biochemical Changes

1.3.3.1. Proteinogram as a Diagnostic Tool
1.3.3.2. The Albumin
1.3.3.3. Alpha-1: Acute Disease Phase Indicator
1.3.3.4. Alpha-2: Acute Disease Phase Proteins
1.3.3.5. The Beta Fraction
1.3.3.6. The Gamma Fraction

1.4. Urinalysis: Suspected Nephropathy

1.4.1. Anatomo-physiological Recap of the Urinary System
1.4.2. Urine Collection Techniques in Birds
1.4.3. Urinalysis
1.4.4. Urinalysis Parameters

1.5. Fundamental Cytological Techniques: Cell Study

1.5.1. Skin and Plumage Scrapings

1.5.1.1. How to Perform Superficial Scrapings
1.5.1.2. How to Perform Deep Scrapings

1.5.2. Biopsy Collection

1.5.2.1. Different Application Techniques
1.5.2.2. Skin Biopsies
1.5.2.3. Skeletal Injury Biopsies
1.5.2.4. Small Biopsies Organs and Masses
1.5.2.5. Chronic Injury Biopsies
1.5.2.6. Biopsies of Small Lesions and Masses

1.5.3. Cytology: Functions 

1.5.3.1. Sample Collection and Processing
1.5.3.2. Key Points Cytologic Interpretations

1.6. Advanced Cytologic Techniques

1.6.1. Aspiration

1.6.1.1. Complementary Tests
1.6.1.2. Aspiration Methods

1.6.2. Microbiological Swabs Collection

1.6.2.1. Upper Respiratory Routes
1.6.2.2. Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

1.6.3. Washing Technique

1.6.3.1. Crop Washing
1.6.3.2. Air Sac Washing

1.7. Preparing for a Necropsy

1.7.1. Fundamental Aspects

1.7.1.1. Necropsies 
1.7.1.2. The Importance of Anamneses and Patient Medical Histories

1.7.2. Necessary Equipment: Instruments
1.7.3. Selecting Tissues in Necropsy Cases
1.7.4. Samples Preservation for Diagnostic Studies
1.7.5. Records: Injuries and Findings

1.8. External Patient Evaluation in Postmortem Examinations

1.8.1. Skin and Appendages: Evidence of Trauma
1.8.2. The Skeletal System
1.8.3. The Sensory System
1.8.4. The Muscle System: Initial Examination

1.9. Internal Patient Evaluation in Postmortem Examinations

1.9.1. The Cardiorespiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
1.9.2. The Lymphoreticular System
1.9.3. The Liver
1.9.4. The Digestive system
1.9.5. Urinary System Assessment
1.9.6. Reproductive System Analysis

1.9.6.1. Necropsy in Females
1.9.6.2. Necropsy in Males

1.9.7. Necropsy Evaluation of the Nervous System
1.9.8. Examination Conclusion

1.10. Diagnostic Procedures for the Necropsy Technique

1.10.1. Histopathological Examination of Collected Samples

1.10.1.1. Sample Collection

1.10.2. Microbiological Analysis

1.10.2.1. Swabbing Technique

1.10.3. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

1.10.3.1. Infectious Laryngotracheitis
1.10.3.2. Infectious Bronchitis
1.10.3.3. Poxvirus
1.10.3.4. Mycoplasma Gallisepticum, Mycoplasma Synoviae
1.10.3.5. Other diseases

Module 2. Diagnostic Imaging Techniques

2.1. When to Anesthetize Birds for Diagnostic Techniques

2.1.1. Volatile Anesthesia
2.1.2. Injectable Anesthesia
2.1.3. Anesthesia in Special Conditions

2.2. Necessary Radiology Equipment

2.2.1. General Considerations
2.2.2. The X-Ray Unit
2.2.3. Screens, Chassis and Foils

2.3. The Patient: Restraining and Positioning

2.3.1. Laterolateral Projection
2.3.2. Ventrodorsal Projection
2.3.3. Craniocaudal Projection
2.3.4. Wing Projection
2.3.5. Caudoplantar Projection

2.4. Types of X-Rays: Contrast Radiography Studies

2.4.1. Conventional Radiography
2.4.2. Gastrointestinal Contrast Studies
2.4.3. Respiratory Contrast Studies
2.4.4. Urography
2.4.5. Myelography

2.5. Radiologic Interpretations

2.5.1. Anatomy Applied to Radiography
2.5.2. Abnormal Radiographic Findings the Respiratory System
2.5.3. Abnormal Radiographic Findings the Digestive System
2.5.4. Abnormal Radiographic Findings the Skeletal System

2.6. Fundamental Aspects of Avian Ultrasound

2.6.1. The Complete Ultrasound Diagnosis

2.6.1.1. Lineal Convex, Microconvex and Phased Array Probes
2.6.1.2. Ultrasound

2.6.2. Specific Diagnostic Objectives in Birds and Limitations
2.6.3. Necessary Technical Equipment for Ultrasound

2.7. Advanced Criteria for Avian Ultrasound

2.7.1. Patient Preparation for Ultrasound
2.7.2. Applied Anatomical Recap and Proper Patient Positioning
2.7.3. Ultrasound Interpretations

2.8. Endoscopy 

2.8.1. Endoscopy

2.8.1.1. Necessary Equipment for Endoscopy
2.8.1.2. Rigid Endoscope

2.8.2. Patient Preparation and Positioning for Endoscopy
2.8.3. Clinical and Surgical Application of Avian Ultrasound

2.9. Avian Cardiology: Basic Fundamentals

2.9.1. Cardiac System Anatomy in Birds
2.9.2. Clinical Examination in Birds
2.9.3. Avian Electrocardiography

2.10. Veterinary Clinical Analysis in Birds

2.10.1. Serotyping Major Diseases

2.10.1.1. Salmonella Spp

2.10.2. Coprological Analysis

2.10.2.1. Parasitology
2.10.2.2. Bacteriology

2.10.3. Serology of the Most Prominent Diseases in Avian Medicine

2.10.3.1. Infectious Laryngotracheitis
2.10.3.2. Infectious Bronchitis
2.10.3.3. Newcastle Disease
2.10.3.4. Mycoplasma Spp
2.10.3.5. Avian Influenza

This training will allow you to advance in your career comfortably"